Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius Theorem

Theorem
Let $\struct {X_\mathbf A ^+, \sigma}$ be a one-sided shift of finite type.

Let $\map C {X_\mathbf A ^+} := \map C {X_\mathbf A ^+, \C}$ be the continuous mapping space.

Let $F_\theta ^+$ be the space of Lipschitz functions on $X_\mathbf A ^+$.

Let $f \in F_\theta ^+$ be a real-valued function.

Let $\LL_f : \map C {X_\mathbf A ^+} \to \map C {X_\mathbf A ^+}$ be the transfer operator.

Let $\beta $ be the spectral radius of $\LL_f$.

If $\mathbf A$ is irreducible, then:
 * $(1): \quad \beta$ is a simple eigenvalue of $\LL_f$ with a strictly positive eigenfunction $h \in F_\theta ^+$, i.e.:
 * $\set {g \in \map C {X_\mathbf A ^+} : \LL_f g = \beta g} = \C \cdot h$

Furthermore, if $\mathbf A$ is irreducible and aperiodic, then:
 * $(2): \quad$ There is an $r \in \openint 0 \beta$ such that:
 * $\map \sigma {\LL_f} \setminus \set \beta \subseteq \map B {0, r}$
 * where:
 * the denotes a closed disk
 * $\map \sigma {\LL_f}$ denotes the spectrum of $\LL_f : F_\theta ^+ \to F_\theta ^+$


 * $(3): \quad$ There is a Borel probability measure $\mu$ such that:
 * $\ds \forall v \in \map C {X_\mathbf A ^+} : \int \LL_f v \rd \mu = \beta \int v \rd \mu$


 * $(4): \quad \ds \forall v \in \map C {X_\mathbf A ^+} : \lim _{n \mathop \to \infty} \norm {\beta^{-n} \LL_f ^n v - h \int v \rd \mu}_\infty = 0$


 * $(5): \quad \ds \int h \rd \mu = 1$

Also known as
$(2)$ is said that $\LL_f : F_\theta ^+ \to F_\theta ^+$:
 * has a spectral gap, or
 * is quasi-compact.

Also see

 * Definition:Essential Spectral Radius of Bounded Linear Operator
 * Definition:Quasi-Compact Operator