Dixon's Hypergeometric Theorem

Theorem
Let $x, y, n \in \C$.

Let $n \notin \Z_{\lt 0}$.

Let $\map \Re {x + y + \dfrac n 2 + 1} > 0$.

Then:
 * $\ds \map { {}_3 \operatorname F_2} { { {n, -x, -y} \atop {x + n + 1, y + n + 1} } \, \middle \vert \, 1} = \dfrac {\map \Gamma {x + n + 1} \map \Gamma {y + n + 1} \map \Gamma {\dfrac n 2 + 1} \map \Gamma {x + y + \dfrac n 2 + 1} } { \map \Gamma {n + 1} \map \Gamma {x + y + n + 1} \map \Gamma {x + \dfrac n 2 + 1} \map \Gamma {y + \dfrac n 2 + 1} } $

where:
 * $\ds \map { {}_3 \operatorname F_2} { { {n, -x, -y} \atop {x + n + 1, y + n + 1} } \, \middle \vert \, 1}$ is the generalized hypergeometric function of $1$: $\ds \sum_{k \mathop = 0}^\infty \dfrac { n^{\overline k} \paren {-x}^{\overline k} \paren {-y}^{\overline k} } { \paren {x + n + 1}^{\overline k} \paren {y + n + 1}^{\overline k} } \dfrac {1^k} {k!}$
 * $x^{\overline k}$ denotes the $k$th rising factorial power of $x$
 * $\map \Gamma {n + 1} = n!$ is the Gamma function.

Also known as
Dixon's Hypergeometric Theorem is usually known as Dixon's Theorem, but there are a number of such and similarly named theorems.

Some sources refer to it as Dixon's Summation Theorem.

Also see

 * Dixon's Identity
 * Dougall's Hypergeometric Theorem
 * Gauss's Hypergeometric Theorem
 * Kummer's Hypergeometric Theorem