Zero and One are the only Consecutive Perfect Squares/Proof 1

Theorem
 Let $x$ and $h$ be integers such that $x^2 + 1 = (x - h)^2$

Consecutive Integers are Coprime, but both sides must have the same unique prime factorization by the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, so $h$ cannot have any prime factors since they cannot be shared by $(h - 1)(h + 1)$.

This leaves $h = -1$, $h = 0$, or $h = 1$ as the only possibilities since they are the only integers with no prime factors.

If $h = -1$ then $h + 1 = 0$, so $2xh = 0$. It follows that $x = 0$.

If $h = 1$ then $h - 1 = 0$, so $2xh = 0$. It follows that $x = 0$.

If $h = 0$, then $2 x \cdot 0 = (-1)(1)$, a contradiction.

Therefore the only pairs of consecutive perfect squares are $0^2 = 0$ and $(0 + (-1))^2 = (-1)^2 = 1$, and $0^2 = 0$ and $(0 + 1)^2 = 1^2 = 1$.