Congruence Class Modulo Subgroup is Coset

Theorem
Let $G$ be a group, and let $H \le G$.

Left Congruence Class
Let $\mathcal R^l_H$ be the equivalence defined as left congruence modulo $H$.

The equivalence class $\left[\!\left[{g}\right]\!\right]_{\mathcal R^l_H}$ of an element $g \in G$ is the left coset $g H$.

This is known as the left congruence class of $g \bmod H$.

Right Congruence Class
Similarly, let $\mathcal R^r_H$ be the equivalence defined as right congruence modulo $H$.

The equivalence class $\left[\!\left[{g}\right]\!\right]_{\mathcal R^r_H}$ of an element $g \in G$ is the right coset $H g$.

This is known as the right congruence class of $g \bmod H$.

Uniqueness of Cosets
Hence:

Proof of Left Congruence Class

 * Let $x \in \left[\!\left[{g}\right]\!\right]_{\mathcal R^l_H}$.

Then:


 * Now let $x \in g H$.

Then:

Thus $\left[\!\left[{g}\right]\!\right]_{\mathcal R^l_H} = g H$, that is, the equivalence class $\left[\!\left[{g}\right]\!\right]_{\mathcal R^l_H}$ of an element $g \in G$ equals the left coset $g H$.

Proof of Right Congruence Class
The proof for this follows the same structure as the proof for the Left Congruence Class.

Also see

 * Left Coset Space forms Partition
 * Right Coset Space forms Partition
 * Uniqueness of Cosets