Kummer's Hypergeometric Theorem/Examples/2F1(0.4,0.1;1.3;-1)

Example of Use of Kummer's Hypergeometric Theorem

 * $1 - \paren {\dfrac {\paren {2} \paren {1} } {\paren {5} \paren {13} } } + \paren {\dfrac {\paren {2 \times 7} \paren {1 \times 11} } {\paren {5 \times 10} \paren {13 \times 23} } } - \paren {\dfrac {\paren {2 \times 7 \times 12} \paren {1 \times 11 \times 21} } {\paren {5 \times 10 \times 15} \paren {13 \times 23 \times 33} } } + \cdots = \dfrac {1944^{\frac 1 5} \pi^{\frac 3 2} } {\phi \map \Gamma {\dfrac 1 {10} } \paren {\map \Gamma {\dfrac 7 {10} } }^2 }$

Proof
From Kummer's Hypergeometric Theorem:


 * $\ds \map F {n, -x; x + n + 1; -1} = \dfrac {\map \Gamma {x + n + 1} \map \Gamma {\dfrac n 2 + 1} } { \map \Gamma {x + \dfrac n 2 + 1} \map \Gamma {n + 1} } $

where:
 * $\ds \map F {n, -x; x + n + 1; -1}$ is the Gaussian hypergeometric function of $-1$: $\ds \sum_{k \mathop = 0}^\infty \dfrac { n^{\overline k} \paren {-x}^{\overline k} } { \paren {x + n + 1}^{\overline k} } \dfrac {\paren {-1}^k} {k!}$
 * $x^{\overline k}$ denotes the $k$th rising factorial power of $x$
 * $\map \Gamma {n + 1} = n!$ is the Gamma function.

We have:

and:

Recall from the Euler Reflection Formula: $\map \Gamma z \map \Gamma {1 - z} = \dfrac \pi {\map \sin {\pi z} }$

Therefore:

Recall from the Legendre Duplication Formula: $\map \Gamma z \map \Gamma {z + \dfrac 1 2} = 2^{1 - 2 z} \sqrt \pi \, \map \Gamma {2 z}$

Therefore:

Substituting these results back into our equation above:

Therefore:
 * $1 - \paren {\dfrac {\paren {2} \paren {1} } {\paren {5} \paren {13} } } + \paren {\dfrac {\paren {2 \times 7} \paren {1 \times 11} } {\paren {5 \times 10} \paren {13 \times 23} } } - \paren {\dfrac {\paren {2 \times 7 \times 12} \paren {1 \times 11 \times 21} } {\paren {5 \times 10 \times 15} \paren {13 \times 23 \times 33} } } + \cdots = \dfrac {1944^{\frac 1 5} \pi^{\frac 3 2} } {\phi \map \Gamma {\dfrac 1 {10} } \paren {\map \Gamma {\dfrac 7 {10} } }^2 }$