Densely Ordered/Examples/Arbitrary Densely Ordered

Example of Densely Ordered Set
Let $S$ be the subset of the rational numbers $\Q$ defined as:
 * $S = \Q \cap \paren {\openint 0 1 \cup \hointr 2 3}$

Then $\struct {S, \le}$ is a densely ordered set.

Hence $\struct {S, \le}$ is isomorphic to $\struct {\Q, \le}$.

Proof
Let $a, b \in S$ such that $0 < a < b < 1$.

Then from Rational Numbers are Densely Ordered:
 * $\exists c \in \Q: a < c < b$

and as $0 < c < 1$ it follows that $c \in S$.

Let $a, b \in S$ such that $2 \le a < b < 3$.

Then from Rational Numbers are Densely Ordered:
 * $\exists c \in \Q: a < c < b$

and as $2 < c < 3$ it follows that $c \in S$.

Now let $a, b \in S$ such that $0 < a < 1$ and $2 \le b < 3$.

Then from Rational Numbers are Densely Ordered:
 * $\exists c \in \Q: a < c < 1$

and as $0 < c < 1$ it follows that $c \in S$.

So it follows that $\struct {S, \le}$ is a densely ordered set.

Next consider the mapping $\phi: \Q \to S$ defined as:


 * $\forall x \in \Q: \map \phi x = \begin {cases} \dfrac {-1} {x - 1} : x < 0 \\ \dfrac {3 x + 2} {x + 1} : x \ge 0 \end {cases}$

It can be seen that:
 * $\Img \phi = \Q \cap \paren {\openint 0 1 \cup \hointr 2 3}$

and:
 * $\forall x, y \in \Q: x \le y \iff \map \phi x \le \map \phi y$

Hence the result.