Powers of Commuting Elements of Semigroup Commute

Theorem
Let $\left({T, \oplus}\right)$ be a semigroup.

For $a \in T$, let $\oplus^n a = a^n$ be defined as the $n$th power of $a$:


 * $a^n = \begin{cases}

a & : n = 1 \\ a^x \oplus a & : n = x + 1 \end{cases}$

That is:
 * $a^n = \underbrace{a \oplus a \oplus \cdots \oplus a}_{n \text{ copies of } a} = \oplus^n \left({a}\right)$

Let $a, b \in T$ such that $a$ commutes with $b$:
 * $a \oplus b = b \oplus a$

Then:
 * $\forall m, n \in \N_{>0}: \left({\oplus^m a}\right) \oplus \left({\oplus^n b}\right) = \left({\oplus^n b}\right) \oplus \left({\oplus^m a}\right)$

That is:
 * $\forall m, n \in \N_{>0}: a^m \oplus b^n = b^n \oplus a^m$

Proof
Let:
 * $(1): \quad a, b \in T: a \oplus b = b \oplus a$

Because $\left({T, \oplus}\right)$ is a semigroup, $\oplus$ is associative on $T$.

By definition of $\oplus^n a = a^n$:
 * $\oplus^n a = \begin{cases}

a & : n = 1 \\ \left({\oplus^x a}\right) \oplus a & : n = x + 1 \end{cases}$

The proof proceeds by the Principle of Mathematical Induction:

Let $S$ be the set of all $n \in \N_{>0}$ such that:


 * $\left({\oplus^n a}\right) \oplus b = b \oplus \left({\oplus^n a}\right)$

Basis of the Induction
demonstrating that $1 \in S$.

This is the basis for the induction.

Induction Hypothesis
Suppose that $k \in S$.

That is:


 * $\left({\oplus^k a}\right) \oplus b = b \oplus \left({\oplus^k a}\right)$

This is the induction hypothesis.

It remains to be shown that:
 * $k \in S \implies k + 1 \in S$

That is, that:
 * $\left({\oplus^{k + 1} a}\right) \oplus b = b \oplus \left({\oplus^{k + 1} a}\right)$

Induction Step
This is the induction step:

Thus:

So $k + 1 \in S$.

Thus by the Principle of Mathematical Induction:
 * $S = \N_{>0}$

Thus:
 * $(2): \quad \forall m \in \N_{>0}: \left({\oplus^m a}\right) \oplus b = b \oplus \left({\oplus^m a}\right)$

Next note that as $T$ is closed:
 * $\oplus^n b \in T$

By repeating the argument above, replacing $a$ with $b$ and $b$ with $\oplus^n a$, we show that:

Hence the result:
 * $\forall m, n \in \N_{>0}: \left({\oplus^m a}\right) \oplus \left({\oplus^n b}\right) = \left({\oplus^n b}\right) \oplus \left({\oplus^m a}\right)$

That is:
 * $\forall m, n \in \N_{>0}: a^m \oplus b^n = b^n \oplus a^m$