Separation of Variables

Theorem
Suppose a first order ordinary differential equation can be expressible in this form:
 * $\displaystyle \frac {dy} {dx} = g \left({x}\right) h \left({y}\right)$

Then the equation is said to have separable variables, or be separable.

Its general solution is found by solving the integration:
 * $\displaystyle \int \frac {dy} {h \left({y}\right)} = \int g \left({x}\right) dx + C$

Proof
Dividing both sides by $h \left({y}\right)$, we get:
 * $\displaystyle \frac 1 {h \left({y}\right)} \frac {dy} {dx} = g \left({x}\right)$

Integrating both sides WRT $x$, we get:
 * $\displaystyle \int \frac 1 {h \left({y}\right)} \frac {dy} {dx} dx = \int g \left({x}\right) dx$

which reduces to the result.

The arbitrary constant $C$ happens during the integration process.