Definition:Central Force

Definition
Consider a particle $p$ of mass $m$ moving in the plane under the influence of a force $\mathbf F$.

Let the position of $p$ at time $t$ be given in polar coordinates as $\left\langle{r, \theta}\right\rangle$.

Let $\mathbf F$ be expressed as:
 * $\mathbf F = F_r \mathbf u_r + F_\theta \mathbf u_\theta$

where:
 * $\mathbf u_r$ is the unit vector in the direction of the radial coordinate of $p$
 * $\mathbf u_\theta$ is the unit vector in the direction of the angular coordinate of $p$
 * $F_r$ and $F_\theta$ are the magnitudes of the components of $\mathbf F$ in the directions of $\mathbf u_r$ and $\mathbf u_\theta$ respectively.

Let $\mathbf r$ be the radius vector from the origin to $p$.


 * CentralForce.png

Let $\mathbf F$ have no component perpendicular to $\mathbf r$.

That is, such that $F_\theta = 0$.

Then $\mathbf F$ is referred to as a central force.