Cauchy-Hadamard Theorem/Complex Case/Proof 1

Proof
Let $\epsilon \in \R_{>0}$, and let $z \in \C$.

Suppose that $\cmod {z - \xi} = R - \epsilon$.

By definition of radius of convergence, it follows that $S \paren z$ is absolutely convergent.

From the $n$th Root Test:


 * $\displaystyle \limsup_{n \mathop \to \infty} \cmod {a_n \paren {z - \xi}^n}^{1/n} \le 1$

By Multiple Rule for Complex Sequences, this inequality can be rearranged to obtain:


 * $\displaystyle \limsup_{n \mathop \to \infty} \cmod {a_n}^{1/n} \le \dfrac 1 {\cmod {z - \xi} } = \dfrac 1 {R - \epsilon}$

As $\epsilon > 0$ was arbitrary, it follows that:
 * $\displaystyle \limsup_{n \mathop \to \infty} \cmod {a_n}^{1/n} \le \dfrac 1 R$

Now, suppose that $\cmod {z - \xi} = R + \epsilon$.

Then $S \paren z$ is divergent, so the $n$th Root Test shows that:


 * $\displaystyle \limsup_{n \mathop \to \infty} \cmod {a_n \paren {z - \xi}^n}^{1/n} \ge 1$

which we can rearrange to obtain:


 * $\displaystyle \limsup_{n \mathop \to \infty} \cmod {a_n}^{1/n} \ge \dfrac 1 {\cmod {z - \xi} } = \dfrac 1 {R - \epsilon}$

As $\epsilon > 0$ was arbitrary, it follows that:
 * $\displaystyle \limsup_{n \mathop \to \infty} \cmod {a_n}^{1/n} \ge \dfrac 1 R$

Thus:
 * $\displaystyle \limsup_{n \mathop \to \infty} \cmod {a_n}^{1/n} = \dfrac 1 R$

Hence the result.