Multiple of Row Added to Row of Determinant

Theorem
Let $$\mathbf{A} = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{r1} & a_{r2} & \cdots & a_{rn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ \end{bmatrix}$$ be a square matrix of order $n$.

Let $$\det \left({\mathbf{A}}\right)$$ be the determinant of $$\mathbf{A}$$.

Let $$\mathbf{B} = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{r1} + k a_{s1} & a_{r2} + k a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{rn} + k a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ \end{bmatrix}$$.

Then $$\det \left({\mathbf{B}}\right) = \det \left({\mathbf{A}}\right)$$.

That is, the value of a determinant remains unchanged if a constant multiple of any row is added to any other row.

The same applies to columns.

Proof
By Determinant as Sum of Determinants, we have:

$$\det \left({\mathbf{B}}\right) = \begin{vmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{r1} + k a_{s1} & a_{r2} + k a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{rn} + k a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ \end{vmatrix} = \begin{vmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{r1} & a_{r2} & \cdots & a_{rn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ \end{vmatrix} + \begin{vmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ k a_{s1} & k a_{s2} & \cdots & k a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ \end{vmatrix}$$

Thus by Determinant with Row Multiplied by Constant, we have:

$$\det \left({\mathbf{B}}\right) = \begin{vmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{r1} + k a_{s1} & a_{r2} + k a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{rn} + k a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ \end{vmatrix} = \begin{vmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{r1} & a_{r2} & \cdots & a_{rn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ \end{vmatrix} + k \begin{vmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ \end{vmatrix}$$

But by Square Matrix with Duplicate Rows has Zero Determinant, $$\begin{vmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{s1} & a_{s2} & \cdots & a_{sn} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ \end{vmatrix} = 0$$.

The result follows.

The result for columns follows from Determinant of Transpose.