Mathematician:Sun Tzu

Otherwise known as Sun Zi.

Chinese mathematician and astronomer.

Best known for his work on Diophantine equations. His work is the source of the Chinese remainder theorem.

Nationality
Chinese

History

 * Sometime between 200 and 500 C.E.

Theorems and Definitions

 * Chinese Remainder Theorem

Books and Papers

 * Sun Tzu Suan Ching 孙子算经 ("Sun Tzu's Calculation Classic") (some time between 280 CE and 473 CE).

Note

 * Not to be confused with the famous military strategist and author of The Art of War of the same name.