Mathematician:Isaac Newton

Hugely influential English all-rounder famous for:
 * Inventing calculus, independently of Leibniz.
 * Successfully providing a mathematical model for the force of gravity;
 * Formulating the Principle of Conservation of Momentum and Principle of Conservation of Angular Momentum;
 * Building the first practical optical reflecting telescope;
 * Developing a theory of colour based on the splitting of light with a prism;

and much more. It is suspected nowadays that he may have had Asperger's syndrome.

Nationality
English

History

 * Born: 25 December 1642, Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England
 * Died: 20 March 1727, London, England

Theorems and Definitions

 * Newton's Method for approximating the zeroes of a function
 * Generalized Binomial Theorem

Books and Papers

 * 1671: Method of Fluxions
 * 1684: De Motu Corporum in Gyrum
 * 1687: Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
 * 1704: Opticks
 * 1707: Arithmetica Universalis