Mathematician:Al-Kindi

Full name: Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (Arabic: أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي‎, Latin: Alkindus').

Persian mathematician, philosopher and prolific writer famous for providing a synthesis of the Greek and Hellenistic tradition into the Muslim world.

Played an important role in introducing the Arabic numeral system to the West.

Nationality
Persian

History

 * Born: c. 801 in Basra or Kufa, Mesopotamia (now in Iraq)
 * Died: c. 873 in Baghdad, Mesopotamia (now in Iraq)

Books and Papers
At least two hundred and sixty books, including:
 * Geometry (thirty-two books)
 * Medicine (twenty-two books)
 * Philosophy (twenty-two books)
 * Logic (nine books)
 * Physics (twelve books)

Most have been lost, but a few survive.

On astronomy and astrology (the two were synonymous in those days):
 * The Book of the Judgement of the Stars
 * including: The Forty Chapters, on questions and elections
 * On the Stellar Rays
 * De mutatione temporum, ("On the Changing of the Weather")
 * Several other epistles on weather and meteorology
 * Treatise on the Judgement of Eclipses
 * Treatise on the Dominion of the Arabs and its Duration (used to predict the end of Arab rule)
 * The Choices of Days (on elections)
 * On the Revolutions of the Years (on mundane astrology and natal revolutions)
 * De Signis Astronomiae Applicitis as Mediciam ("On the Signs of Astronomy as applied to Medicine")
 * Treatise on the Spirituality of the Planets

On medicine:
 * De Gradibus

On mathematics:
 * Ketab fi Isti'mal al-'Adad al-Hindi (On the Use of the Indian Numerals)

On cryptography:
 * On Deciphering Cryptographic Messages (in which he introduces the concept of frequency analysis)

Also see

 * : Chapter $3$: Notations and Numbers