Characterization of Extended Real Sigma-Algebra

Theorem
Let $\mathcal B \left({\R}\right)$ be the Borel $\sigma$-algebra on $\R$.

Let $\overline{\mathcal B}$ be the extended real $\sigma$-algebra.

Define $\mathcal S := \mathcal P \left({\left\{{+\infty, -\infty}\right\}}\right)$, where $\mathcal P$ denotes power set.

Then:


 * $\overline{\mathcal B} = \left\{{B \cup S: B \in \mathcal B \left({\R}\right), S \in \mathcal S}\right\}$

Proof
Let $\overline B \in \overline{\mathcal B}$.

Then by Extended Real Sigma-Algebra Induces Borel Sigma-Algebra on Reals, we have:


 * $\overline B \cap \R \in \mathcal B \left({\R}\right)$

We also have, by definition of the extended real numbers $\overline \R$, that:


 * $\overline \R \setminus \R = \left\{{+\infty, -\infty}\right\}$

and therefore, $\overline B \setminus \R \subseteq \left\{{+\infty, -\infty}\right\}$.

Here, $\setminus$ signifies set difference.

By Set Difference Union Intersection:


 * $\overline B = \left({\overline B \setminus \R}\right) \cup \left({\overline B \cap \R}\right)$

Therefore, any $\overline B \in \overline{\mathcal B}$ is of the purported form $B \cup S$ with $B \in \mathcal B \left({\R}\right)$ and $S \in \mathcal S$.

It remains to show that any such set is in fact an element of $\overline{\mathcal B}$.

Since any $B \in \mathcal B \left({\R}\right)$ is naturally also in $\overline{\mathcal B}$, it suffices to show that:


 * $\mathcal S \subseteq \overline{\mathcal B}$

by applying Sigma-Algebra Closed under Union.

From Closed Set Measurable in Borel Sigma-Algebra, it will now suffice to show that:


 * $\varnothing, \left\{{+\infty}\right\}, \left\{{-\infty}\right\}, \left\{{+\infty, -\infty}\right\}$

are all closed sets in $\overline \R$.

That they are follows from Extended Real Number Space is Hausdorff and Finite Subspace of Hausdorff Space is Closed.