Conjunction of Finite State Machines

Theorem
Let $\Sigma$ be a finite set.

Let $F_1 = \tuple {S_1, A_1, I_1, \Sigma, T_1}$ and $F_2 = \tuple {S_2, A_2, I_2, \Sigma, T_2}$ be finite state machines.

Then there exists a finite state machine $F$ such that $\map L F = \map L {F_1} \cap \map L {F_2}$.

Proof
Construct $F = \tuple {S_1 \times S_2, A_1 \times A_2, \tuple {I_1, I_2}, \Sigma, T}$ where:
 * $\map T {s_1, s_2, \Sigma} = \tuple {\map {T_1} {s_1}, \map {T_2} {s_2} }$

The machines are simultaneously emulated in the first and second components of the state tuple.

When the input word is exhausted, $F$ accepts both $F_1$ and $F_2$ are in an accepting state, as required.