Mathematician:Pierre de Fermat

French lawyer, also an amateur mathematician famous for lots of things. Especially:
 * Fermat's Little Theorem
 * Claimed to have found a proof for what became known as Fermat's Last Theorem, but it has since been doubted that this is in fact the case (he may have been mistaken).

Although he claimed to have found proofs of many theorems, few of these have survived.

Nationality
French

History

 * Born: 17 August 1601 or 1607/8 (exact date unknown), Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France
 * Died: 12 January 1665, Castres, France

Theorems and Definitions

 * Fermat's Little Theorem
 * Fermat Prime - conjectured (incorrectly) that all integers of the form $$2^{\left({2^n}\right)} + 1$$ are prime.
 * Fermat's Christmas Theorem
 * Claimed to have found a proof for what became known as Fermat's Last Theorem, but it has since been doubted that this is in fact the case (he may have been mistaken).

Books and Papers

 * 1659: New Account of Discoveries in the Science of Numbers