Space of Somewhere Differentiable Continuous Functions on Closed Interval is Meager in Space of Continuous Functions on Closed Interval/Lemma 2

Theorem
Let $I = \closedint a b$.

Let $\map \CC I$ be the set of continuous functions on $I$.

Let $\map {\mathcal D} I$ be the set of continuous functions on $I$ that are differentiable at a point.

Let $d$ be the metric induced by the supremum norm.

Let:


 * $\ds A_{n, \, m} = \set {f \in \map \CC I: \text {there exists } x \in I \text { such that } \size {\frac {\map f t - \map f x} {t - x} } \le n \text { for all } t \text { with } 0 < \size {t - x} < \frac 1 m}$

Then:
 * for each $\tuple {n, \, m} \in \N^2$, $A_{n, \, m}$ is nowhere dense in $\struct {\map \CC I, d}$.

Lemma 2.1
Fix $\tuple {n, \, m} \in \N^2$.

By Lemma 2.1, $A_{n, \, m}$ is closed in $\struct {\map \CC I, d}$.

Therefore by the definition of nowhere dense, we aim to show that:


 * $A_{n, \, m}$ contains no non-empty open sets of $\struct {\map \CC I, d}$.

From Set is Open iff Union of Open Balls:


 * the open sets of $\struct {\map \CC I, d}$ are precisely the unions of the open balls of $\struct {\map \CC I, d}$.

Therefore, it suffices to show that:


 * $A_{n, \, m}$ contains no non-empty open balls of $\struct {\map \CC I, d}$.

Let $f \in \map \CC I$ and $\epsilon > 0$.

Consider the open ball $\map {B_\epsilon} f$.

We aim to show that:


 * there exists $g \in \map {B_\epsilon} f$ such that $g \not\in A_{n, \, m}$.

This ensures that:


 * $\map {B_\epsilon} f$ is not contained in $A_{n, \, m}$.

From Space of Piecewise Linear Functions on Closed Interval is Dense in Space of Continuous Functions on Closed Interval:


 * there exists a piecewise linear function $p: I \to \R$ such that $\map d {f, p} < \frac \epsilon 2$.

From Piecewise Linear Function is Differentiable except on Finitely Many Points:


 * $p$ is differentiable on $I$ except at finitely many points $\set {c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_n}$.

Further:


 * the derivative of $p$ takes finitely many values.

Therefore:


 * there exists a real number $M > 0$ such that $\size {\map {p'} x} < M$

for each $x$ such that $p$ is differentiable.