Polynomial Ring of Sequences is Ring

Theorem
Let $R$ be a ring.

Let $P \sqbrk R$ be the polynomial ring over sequences in $R$.

Then $P \sqbrk R$ is itself a ring.

Proof
We have by definition of polynomial ring over sequences in $R$ that:
 * $P \sqbrk R = \set {\sequence {r_0, r_1, r_2, \ldots} }$

where each $r_i \in R$, and all but a finite number of terms is zero.

Proof that Operations are Closed
We need to ensure that the operations as defined are closed.

Let $r = \sequence {r_0, r_1, r_2, \ldots}, s = \sequence {s_0, s_1, s_2, \ldots} \in P \sqbrk R$.

As all but a finite number of terms of $r$ and $s$ are zero, there exist $m, n \ge 0$ such that:
 * $\forall i > m: r_i = 0$
 * $\forall j > n: s_j = 0$

Let $l = \max \set {m, n}$.

We can express the operations on $P \sqbrk R$ as:

We have that:
 * $\forall i > l: r_i + s_i = 0$

and so
 * $r + s \in P \sqbrk R$

Equally clearly:
 * $-r \in P \sqbrk R$

Now consider:
 * $\ds \paren {r s}_i = \sum_{j \mathop + k \mathop = i}r_j s_k$

Let $i > m + n$.

Then in any $r_j s_k$ such that $j + k = i$, either $j > m$ or k > n.

In the first case $r_j = 0$ and in the second $s_j = 0$.

In either case $r_j s_k = 0$.

So:
 * $\ds \forall i > m + n: \paren {r s}_i = \sum_{j \mathop + k \mathop = i} r_j s_k = 0$

So:
 * $r s \in P \sqbrk R$

Proof of Additive Group
The addition operation $r + s$ is clearly commutative and associative, and:
 * $\sequence {0, 0, \ldots} = 0_{P \sqbrk R}$

Equally clearly:
 * $\forall r \in P \sqbrk R: r + \paren {-r} = \sequence {r_i + \paren {-r_i} } = \sequence {0, 0, \ldots} = 0_{P \sqbrk R}$

and so $-r$ is the inverse of $r$ for addition.

So $\struct {P \sqbrk R, +}$ is an abelian group, as it needs to be for $P \sqbrk R$ to be a ring.

Proof of Ring Product
We need to establish that the ring product is associative.

Let $r = \sequence {r_0, r_1, \ldots}, s = \sequence {s_0, s_1, \ldots}, t = \sequence {t_0, t_1, \ldots} \in P \sqbrk R$.

Then:

Similarly for $\paren {r \paren {s t} }_n$.

So the ring product is associative, and so forms a semigroup.

Proof of Distributivity
Finally we need to show that the ring product is distributive over ring addition.

Similarly for $\paren {t \paren {r + s} }_n$.

Hence the result.