Eisenstein Integers form Subring of Complex Numbers

Theorem
The set of Eisenstein integers $\Z \sqbrk \omega$, under the operations of complex addition and complex multiplication, forms a subring of the set of complex numbers $\C$.

Proof
We will use the Subring Test.

This is valid, as the set of complex numbers $\C$ forms a field, which is by definition itself a ring.

We note that $\Z \sqbrk \omega$ is not empty, as (for example) $0 + 0 \omega \in \Z \sqbrk \omega$.

Let $a + b \omega, c + d \omega \in \Z \sqbrk \omega$.

Then we have $-\paren {c + d \omega} = -c - d \omega$, and so:

We have that $a, b, c, d \in \Z$ and $\Z$ is an integral domain.

Therefore by definition $\Z$ is a ring.

So it follows that $a - c \in \Z$ and $b - d \in \Z$.

Hence $\paren {a - c} + \paren {b - d} \omega \in \Z \sqbrk \omega$.

Now consider $\paren {a + b \omega} \paren {c + d \omega}$.

By the definition of complex multiplication, we have:
 * $\paren {a + b \omega} \paren {c + d \omega} = \paren {a c - b d} + \paren {a d + b c} \omega$

As $a, b, c, d \in \Z$ and $\Z$ is a ring, it follows that $a c - b d \in \Z$ and $ad + bc \in \Z$.

Hence:
 * $\paren {a + b \omega} \paren {c + d \omega} \in \Z \sqbrk \omega$

So by the Subring Test, $\Z \sqbrk \omega$ is a subring of $\C$.

Also see

 * Definition:Ring of Eisenstein Integers