Side of Spherical Triangle is Supplement of Angle of Polar Triangle

Theorem
Let $\triangle ABC$ be a spherical triangle on the surface of a sphere whose center is $O$.

Let the sides $a, b, c$ of $\triangle ABC$ be measured by the angles subtended at $O$, where $a, b, c$ are opposite $A, B, C$ respectively.

Let $\triangle A'B'C'$ be the polar triangle of $\triangle ABC$.

Then $A'$ is the supplement of $a$.

That is:
 * $A' = \pi - a$

and it follows by symmetry that:
 * $B' = \pi - b$
 * $C' = \pi - c$

Proof

 * Polar-triangle.png

Let $BC$ be produced to meet $A'B'$ and $A'C'$ at $L$ and $M$ respectively.

Because $A'$ is the pole of the great circle $LBCM$, the spherical angle $A'$ equals the side of the spherical triangle $A'LM$.

That is:
 * $(1): \quad \sphericalangle A' = LM$

From Spherical Triangle is Polar Triangle of its Polar Triangle, $\triangle ABC'$ is also the polar triangle of $\triangle A'B'C'$.

That is, $C$ is a pole of the great circle $A'LB'$.

Hence $CL$ is a right angle.

Similarly, $BM$ is also a right angle.

Thus we have:

By definition, we have that:
 * $BC = a$

Then:

where $2 \Box$ is $2$ right angles, that is, $\pi$ radians.

That is, $A'$ is the supplement of $a$:
 * $A' = \pi - a$

By applying the same analysis to $B'$ and $C'$, it follows similarly that:
 * $B' = \pi - b$
 * $C' = \pi - c$