Cosine Exponential Formulation/Proof 1

Theorem
For any complex number $x$:


 * $\cos x = \dfrac {e^{i x} + e^{-i x} } 2$

where $\cos x$ is the cosine and $i^2 = -1$.

Proof
Recall the definition of the cosine function:


 * $\displaystyle \cos x = \sum_{n \mathop = 0}^\infty \left({-1}\right)^n \frac {x^{2n}}{\left({2n}\right)!} = 1 - \frac {x^2} {2!} + \frac {x^4} {4!} - \cdots$

Recall the definition of the exponential as a power series:


 * $\displaystyle e^x = \sum_{n \mathop = 0}^\infty \frac {x^n}{n!} = 1 + x + \frac {x^2} 2 + \frac {x^3} 6 + \cdots$

Then, starting from the RHS: