Characterization of Derivative of Test Function

Theorem
Let $\Phi, \phi \in \map \DD \R$ be test functions.

Let:


 * $\ds X = \set {\Phi' : \Phi \in \map \DD \R} $


 * $\ds Y = \set {\phi \in \map \DD \R : \int_{- \infty}^\infty \map \phi x \rd x = 0}$

Then $X = Y$.

Furthermore, for every $\phi \in Y$ there exists only one $\Phi \in \map \DD \R$ such that $\Phi' = \phi$.

$X$ is a subset of $Y$
By definition of test functions:


 * $\paren {\Phi \in \map \DD \R} \implies \paren {\Phi' \in \map \DD \R}$

Moreover, a test function has compact support:


 * $\ds \int_{-\infty}^\infty \map {\Phi'} x \rd x = \map \Phi \infty - \map \Phi {-\infty} = 0$

Hence:


 * $X \subseteq Y$

$Y$ is a subset of $X$
Suppose $\phi \in \map \DD \R$ is such that:


 * $\ds \int_{-\infty}^\infty \map \phi x \rd x = 0$

Let $\Phi$ be such that:


 * $\ds \map \Phi x = \int_{-\infty}^x \map \phi \xi \rd \xi$

Then there exists $\Phi'$ such that:


 * $\map {\Phi'} x = \map \phi x$

Since $\phi$ is a test function:


 * $\Phi' \in \map {C^\infty} \R$.

Let $\phi$ be supported on $\closedint {-a} a$ with $a \in \R_{> 0}$.

Then:


 * $\forall x \in \R : x < -a \implies \map \Phi x = 0$

On the other hand:


 * $\ds \forall x \in \R : x > a \implies \map \Phi x = \int_{-\infty}^x \map \phi \xi \rd \xi = \int_{-\infty}^\infty \map \phi \xi \rd \xi = 0$

Hence, $\Phi$ is also supported on $\closedint {-a} a$, and:


 * $Y \subseteq X$

Uniqueness
Let $\phi \in Y$.

Suppose, for $\Phi'_1, \Phi'_2 \in \map \DD \R$ we have that $\Phi'_1 = \phi = \Phi'_2$.

Then $\paren {\Phi_1 - \Phi_2}' = 0$ and $\Phi_1 - \Phi_2 = C$ with $C \in \R$ being a constant.

However, both $\Phi_1$ and $\Phi_2$ have compact supports inherited from $\phi$, say $K \subset \R$.

Then:


 * $\forall x \notin K : \map {\Phi_1} x - \map {\Phi_2} x = 0 - 0 = 0$

$\Phi_1$ and $\Phi_2$ are test functions and thus smooth.

Therefore, $C = 0$ holds for all $x \in \R$.