Mathematician:Archimedes of Syracuse

Known as Archimedes of Syracuse.

Greek mathematician, physicist, astronomer, engineer and general all-round inventor.

Nationality
Greek

History

 * Born: c. 287 B.C.E. in Syracuse in Magna Graecia.
 * Died: c. 212 B.C.E. in the Second Punic War. Supposed to have been by a drunken Roman soldier because either:
 * He was contemplating a problem in geometry and was unwilling to be disturbed to answer a summons from the Roman general who had captured the city;
 * He was killed trying to surrender to the Romans, and a soldier killed him to plunder his mathematical instruments, which the soldier thought were valuable.

Theorems

 * Archimedean Principle.
 * Archimedes' Principle.

Inventions

 * Archimedes Screw

Books and Papers

 * "On Floating Bodies"
 * "The Sand Reckoner"