Mathematician:Omar Khayyam

Full name: Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nishapuri al-Khayyami (Persian: غیاث الدین ابو الفتح عمر بن ابراهیم خیام نیشاپوری).

Persian mathematician better known nowadays for his poetry.

Completely solved the problem of the solution of cubic equations using conics.

Noted for being one of the first to discuss in print what is now known as Pascal's Triangle.

Nationality
Persian

History

 * Born: 18 May 1048, Nishapur, then a Seljuk capital in Khorasan, Persia (now Iran).
 * Died: 4 Dec 1131, Nishapur

Theorems and Definitions

 * Khayyam-Saccheri Quadrilateral

Books and Papers

 * 1070: Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra (in which he discussed binomial coefficients and Pascal's Triangle.
 * c. 1075: On the Proofs of the Problems of Algebra and Muqabala (in which he classified cubic equations into $14$ kinds and solved them all using conics)
 * 1077: Sharh ma ashkala min musadarat kitab Uqlidis (Explanations of the Difficulties in the Postulates of Euclid) published in English as On the Difficulties of Euclid's Definitions.


 * Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám

Also see

 * : Chapter $4$: Lure of the Unknown