Trace Sigma-Algebra of Measurable Set

Theorem
Let $\struct {X, \Sigma}$ be a measurable space.

Let $A \in \Sigma$.

Let $\Sigma_A$ be the trace $\sigma$-algebra of $A$ in $\Sigma$.

Then:


 * $\Sigma_A = \set {B \in \Sigma : B \subseteq A}$

That is, the elements of $\Sigma_A$ are precisely the $\Sigma$-measurable sets that are subsets of $A$.

Proof
Let:


 * $\Sigma' = \set {B \in \Sigma : B \subseteq A}$

We first show that $\Sigma_A \subseteq \Sigma'$.

Let $B \in \Sigma_A$, then there exists $S \in \Sigma$ such that:


 * $B = A \cap S$

From Sigma-Algebra Closed under Finite Intersection, we have:


 * $B \in \Sigma$

while, from Intersection is Subset, we have:


 * $A \cap S \subseteq A$

so $B \subseteq A$, giving:


 * $B \in \Sigma'$

So we have $\Sigma_A \subseteq \Sigma'$ by the definition of set inclusion.

Now let $B \in \Sigma'$.

From Intersection with Subset is Subset, we have:


 * $B = B \cap A$

while $B \in \Sigma$, so:


 * $B \in \Sigma_A$

from the definition of trace $\sigma$-algebra.

So we have $\Sigma' \subseteq \Sigma_A$ by the definition of set inclusion.

So, we have:


 * $\Sigma_A = \Sigma' = \set {B \in \Sigma : B \subseteq A}$