Mathematician:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Mathematician
Multi-discipline scientist and prolific writer who pre-empted several later Western scientists:
 * Darwin with his ideas on evolution
 * Copernicus on his heliocentric view of the solar system
 * Galileo with his insight into the nature of the Milky Way.

Calculated the value of $51'$ for the precession of the equinoxes.

The first to separate the science of trigonometry, particularly spherical trigonometry, from that of astronomy.

Nationality
Persian

History

 * Born: 18 Feb 1201, Tus, Khorasan (now Iran)
 * Died: 26 June 1274, Kadhimain (near Baghdad, now in Iraq)

Theorems and Definitions

 * Law of Sines
 * Spherical Law of Sines
 * Spherical Law of Tangents


 * Tusi Couple

Publications
Around $150$ works, including:


 * 1232: Akhlaq-i Nasiri: a work on ethics, in which he described his Theory of Evolution
 * 1247: Tahrir al-Majisti ("Commentary on the Almagest")
 * c. 1250: ("Treatise on the Quadrilateral"): a five volume summary of trigonometry
 * 1272: Zij-i Ilkhani (Ilkhanic Tables): a major astronomical treatise


 * Al-Tadhkirah fi'ilm al-Hay'ah (A memoir on the Science of Astronomy)
 * Al-Risalah al-Asturlabiyah (A Treatise on the Astrolabe)
 * Sharh al-Isharat (Commentary on Avicenna's Isharat)
 * Awsaf al-Ashraf: a short mystical-ethical work in Persian
 * Tajrīd al-iʿtiqād (Summation of Belief): a commentary on Shia doctrines

Many translations and commentaries on Greek texts.

Arabic versions of works by:

In particular:
 * a commentary on by
 * a commentary on by

Also known as
In Persian:  نصیر الدین طوسی 

Full name: Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī ( محمد بن محمد بن الحسن طوسی )

Some parts of his name are often rendered with diacritics:
 * Naṣīr, Nasîr
 * al-Dīn
 * al-Ṭūsī
 * Muḥammad

Also known as:
 * Khawaja Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan Tūsī
 * Muhaqqiq-i Tusi
 * Khwaja-yi Tusi
 * Khwaja Nasir
 * Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn al‐Ḥasan Naṣīr al‐Dīn al‐Ṭūsī
 * Naṣīr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al Ṭūsī

His name can also be seen reported by some sources as Nasîr-Eddin

Known in the west simply as Tusi.