Primitive of Power of Sine of a x over Power of Cosine of a x/Reduction of Both Powers

Theorem

 * $\displaystyle \int \frac {\sin^m a x} {\cos^n a x} \rd x = \frac {\sin^{m - 1} a x} {a \paren {n - 1} \cos^{n - 1} a x} - \frac {m - 1} {n - 1} \int \frac {\sin^{m - 2} a x} {\cos^{n - 2} a x} \rd x + C$

Proof
With a view to expressing the primitive in the form:
 * $\displaystyle \int u \frac {\d v} {\d x} \rd x = u v - \int v \frac {\d u} {\d x} \rd x$

let:

and let:

Then:

Also see

 * Primitive of $\dfrac {\cos^m a x} {\sin^n a x}$: Reduction of Both Powers