Cantor's Theorem/Proof 2

Proof
Let $S$ be a set.

Let $\powerset {S}$ be the power set of $S$.

Let $f: S \to \powerset {S}$ be a mapping.

Let $T = \left\{{x \in S: \neg \left({x \in \map f x}\right)}\right\}$.

Then $T \subseteq S$, so $T \in \powerset {S}$ by the definition of power set.

We will show that $T$ is not in the image of $f$ and therefore $f$ is not surjective.


 * $\exists a \in S: T = \map f a$
 * $\exists a \in S: T = \map f a$

Suppose that:
 * $a \in \map f a$

Then by the definition of $T$:
 * $\neg \left({a \in T}\right)$

Thus since $T = f \left({a}\right)$:
 * $\neg \left({a \in \map f a }\right)$

By Rule of Implication:


 * $(1) \quad a \in \map f a \implies \neg \left({ a \in \map f a }\right)$

Suppose instead that:
 * $\neg \left({a \in \map f a}\right)$

Then by the definition of $T$:
 * $a \in T$

Thus since $T = f \left({a}\right)$:
 * $a \in \map f a$

By Rule of Implication:


 * $(2) \quad \neg \left({ a \in \map f a }\right) \implies a \in \map f a$

By Non-Equivalence of Proposition and Negation, applied to $(1)$ and $(2)$, this is a contradiction.

As the specific choice of $a$ did not matter, we derive a contradiction by Existential Instantiation.

Thus by Proof by Contradiction, the supposition that $\exists a \in S: T = \map f a$ must be false.

It follows that $f$ is not a surjection.