Intersection of Chain of Prime Ideals of Commutative Ring is Prime Ideal

Theorem
Let $R$ be a commutative ring.

Let $\Spec R$ be the spectrum of $R$, ordered by inclusion.

Let $\set {P_\alpha}_{\alpha \mathop \in A}$ be a non-empty chain of prime ideals of $\Spec R$.

Let $\ds P = \bigcap_{\alpha \mathop \in A} P_\alpha$ be their intersection.

Then $P$ is a prime ideal of $R$.

Proof
By Intersection of Ring Ideals is Ideal, $P$ is an ideal of $R$.

We show that $P$ is prime.

Let $a, b\in R$ with $a, b \notin P$.

We show that $a b \notin P$.

Because $a \notin P$, there exists $\alpha \in A$ with $a \notin P_\alpha$.

Because $b \notin P$, there exists $\beta \in A$ with $b \notin P_\beta$.

Because $\set {P_\gamma}_{\gamma \mathop \in A}$ is totally ordered, $P_\alpha \subseteq P_\beta$ or $P_\beta \subseteq P_\alpha$.

, we can assume $P_\alpha \subseteq P_\beta$, which gives us $a, b \notin P_\alpha$.

Since $P_\alpha$ is an prime ideal, $a b \notin P_\alpha$.

Thus $a b \notin P$.

Also see

 * Union of Chain of Prime Ideals of Commutative Ring with Unity is Prime Ideal