Shape of Cosecant Function

Theorem
The nature of the cosecant function on the set of real numbers $\R$ is as follows:


 * $(1): \quad$ strictly decreasing on the intervals $\hointr {-\dfrac \pi 2} 0$ and $\hointl 0 {\dfrac \pi 2}$
 * $(2): \quad$ strictly increasing on the intervals $\hointr {\dfrac \pi 2} \pi$ and $\hointl \pi {\dfrac {3 \pi} 2}$
 * $(3): \quad$ $\csc x \to +\infty$ as $x \to 0^+$
 * $(4): \quad$ $\csc x \to +\infty$ as $x \to \pi^-$
 * $(5): \quad$ $\csc x \to -\infty$ as $x \to \pi^+$
 * $(6): \quad$ $\csc x \to -\infty$ as $x \to 2 \pi^-$

Proof
From Derivative of Cosecant Function::
 * $\map {D_x} {\csc x} = -\dfrac {\cos x} {\sin^2 x}$

From Sine and Cosine are Periodic on Reals: Corollary:
 * $\forall x \in \openint {-\dfrac \pi 2} {\dfrac {3 \pi} 2} \setminus \set {0, \pi}: \sin x \ne 0$

Thus, from Square of Non-Zero Element of Ordered Integral Domain is Strictly Positive:
 * $\forall x \in \openint {-\dfrac \pi 2} {\dfrac {3 \pi} 2} \setminus \set {0, \pi}: \sin^2 x > 0$

From Sine and Cosine are Periodic on Reals: Corollary:
 * $\cos x > 0$ on the open interval $\openint {-\dfrac \pi 2} {\dfrac \pi 2}$

It follows that:
 * $\forall x \in \openint {-\dfrac \pi 2} {\dfrac \pi 2} \setminus \set 0: -\dfrac {\cos x} {\sin^2 x} < 0$

From Sine and Cosine are Periodic on Reals: Corollary:
 * $\cos x < 0$ on the open interval $\openint {\dfrac \pi 2} {\dfrac {3 \pi} 2}$

It follows that:
 * $\forall x \in \openint {\dfrac \pi 2} {\dfrac {3 \pi} 2} \setminus \set \pi: -\dfrac {\cos x} {\sin^2 x} > 0$

Thus, $(1)$ and $(2)$ follow from Derivative of Monotone Function.

From Zeroes of Sine and Cosine: $\sin 0 = \sin \pi = \sin 2 \pi = 0$.

From Sine and Cosine are Periodic on Reals: Corollary:
 * $\sin x > 0$ on the open interval $\openint 0 \pi$

From the same source:
 * $\sin x < 0$ on the open interval $\openint \pi {2 \pi}$

Thus, $(3)$, $(4)$, $(5)$ and $(6)$ follow from Infinite Limit Theorem.

Also see

 * Shape of Sine Function
 * Shape of Cosine Function
 * Shape of Tangent Function
 * Shape of Cotangent Function
 * Shape of Secant Function