Primitive of x over 1 minus Sine of a x

Theorem

 * $\displaystyle \int \frac {x \rd x} {1 - \sin a x} = \frac x a \, \map \tan {\frac \pi 4 + \frac {a x} 2} + \frac 2 {a^2} \ln \size {\map \sin {\frac \pi 4 - \frac {a x} 2} } + C$

Proof
With a view to expressing the primitive in the form:
 * $\displaystyle \int u \frac {\d v} {\d x} \rd x = u v - \int v \frac {\d u} {\d x} \rd x$

let:

and let:

Then:

Then:

Putting it all together:


 * $\displaystyle \int \frac {x \rd x} {1 - \sin a x} = \frac x a \map \tan {\frac \pi 4 + \frac {a x} 2} + \frac 2 {a^2} \ln \size {\map \sin {\frac \pi 4 - \frac {a x} 2} } + C$

Also see

 * Primitive of $\dfrac x {1 - \cos a x}$