Modulo Multiplication is Closed

Theorem
Multiplication modulo $m$ is closed on the set of integers modulo $m$:


 * $\forall \eqclass x m, \eqclass y m \in \Z_m: \eqclass x m \times_m \eqclass y m \in \Z_m$.

Proof
From the definition of multiplication modulo $m$, we have:
 * $\eqclass x m \times_m \eqclass y m = \eqclass {x y} m$

By the Division Theorem:
 * $x y = q m + r$ where $0 \le r < m$

Therefore for all $0 \le r < m$:
 * $\eqclass {x y} m = \eqclass r m$

Therefore from the definition of integers modulo $m$:
 * $\eqclass {x y} m \in \Z_m$