Mathematician:Euclid

In Greek: Εὐκλείδης (Eukleídēs), also known as Euclid of Alexandria.

Little is known about him, apart from:
 * He taught in Alexandria (then a Macedonian colony);
 * He assembled the geometry text, possibly the most famous mathematics text book of all time.

Nationality
Greek

History

 * Lived around 300 B.C.E.

Theorems and Definitions

 * The field of Euclidean geometry.
 * Euclid's Lemma
 * Euclid's Theorem
 * Euclid's Algorithm
 * Euclidean Relation
 * Euclid Numbers (erroneously so named - such numbers derive from a version of the proof of Euclid's Theorem that he himself never made.)

Books and Papers

 * c. 300 B.C:.
 * The Pseudaria (or Pseudographemata) (referred to by Proclus, believed irreparably lost), a more elementary primer on geometry.
 * The Data elementary exercises in analysis, supplementary to.
 * On Divisions (of Figures) (mentioned by Proclus, lost in Greek but survived in Arabic), concerns dissection of geometrical figures.
 * The Porisms, a collection of theorems and problems in more advanced geometry.
 * The Surface-Loci (mentioned by Pappus, now considered lost), may have concerned surfaces of revolution.
 * The Conics, now lost, but according to Pappus may have been the basis of the work of the same name by Apollonius. It was well-known to Archimedes who quoted it extensively.
 * The Phaenomena, a work of astronomy and spherical geometry which still exists.
 * The Optics.
 * Elements of Music (but it is disputed as to whether he actually wrote this).