Definition:Set/Definition by Predicate

Definition
An object can be specified by means of a predicate, that is, in terms of a property (or properties) that it possesses.

Whether an object $x$ possesses a particular property $P$ is either true or false (in Aristotelian logic) and so can be the subject of a propositional function $P \left({x}\right)$.

Hence a set can be specified by means of such a propositional function, e.g.:
 * $S = \left\{{x: P \left({x}\right)}\right\}$

which means:
 * $S$ is the set of all objects which have the property $P$

or, more formally:
 * $S$ is the set of all $x$ such that $P \left({x}\right)$ is true.

In this context, we see that the symbol $:$ is interpreted as such that.

This is sometimes known as the set-builder notation.

An alternative notation for this is $S = \left\{{x \mid P \left({x}\right)}\right\}$, but it can be argued that the use of $\mid$ for such that can cause ambiguity and confusion, as $\mid$ has several other meanings in mathematics.

On the other hand, if the expression defining the predicate is thick with $:$ characters, it is prudent to use $\mid$ for such that after all.