Definition:Think of a Number/Historical Note

Historical Note on Think of a Number
The think of a number puzzle goes way back in time.

discusses it in his posthumous ($1932$) collection as follows, presented on  as a historical note:

He explains that:
 * He tells you to think of any whole number between $1$ and $100$, and then divide it successively by $3$, $5$ and $7$, telling him the remainder in each case.
 * On receiving this information he promptly discloses the number you thought of.

Note, however, that since wrote the above, the  from was found to contain a number of examples of this puzzle.

This pushes the earliest date back to c. 1650, considerably earlier than.