Length of Diagonal of Unit Square

Theorem
The length of a diagonal of a square of side length $1$ is $\sqrt 2$) (the square root of $2$).

Proof

 * DiagonalOfSquare.png

Two adjacent sides $AB$, $BC$ and the diagonal $AC$ of square $ABCD$ form a right triangle.

The hypotenuse of triangle $\triangle ABC$ can be found by using Pythagoras's Theorem:
 * $AC^2 = AB^2 + BC^2$

from which:
 * $AC^2 = 2$

and so:
 * $AC = \sqrt 2$