Dirichlet's Theorem on Arithmetic Sequences/Lemma 1

Lemma for Dirichlet's Theorem on Arithmetic Progressions
Let $a, q$ be coprime integers.

Let $\mathcal P_{a, q}$ be the set of primes $p$ such that $p \equiv a \pmod q$.

Let $\chi$ be a Dirichlet character modulo $q$.

Let:
 * $\displaystyle f \left({s}\right) = \sum_p \chi \left({p}\right) p^{-s}$

If $\chi$ is non-trivial then $f \left({s}\right)$ is bounded as $s \to 1$.

If $\chi$ is the trivial character then:


 * $f \left({s}\right) \sim \ln \left({\dfrac 1 {s - 1} }\right)$

as $s \to 1$.

Proof
By Logarithm of Dirichlet L-Functions:


 * $(1):\quad \displaystyle \sum_p \chi \left({p}\right) p^{-s} = \ln L \left({s, \chi}\right) - \sum_p \sum_{n \ge 2} \frac{\chi \left({p}\right)^n} {n p^{n s}}$

If $\chi$ is non-trivial, then by L-Function does not Vanish at One, $\ln L \left({s, \chi}\right)$ is bounded as $s \to 1$.

If $\chi$ is trivial, then by Analytic Continuation of Dirichlet L-Function, $L \left({s, \chi}\right)$ has a simple pole at $s = 1$.

Therefore, in this case:
 * $L \left({s, \chi}\right) \sim \dfrac \lambda {s-1}$

where $\lambda$ is the residue of $L \left({s, \chi}\right)$ at $1$, and:


 * $\ln L \left({s, \chi}\right) \sim \ln \left({\dfrac \lambda {s-1}}\right) \sim \ln \left({\dfrac 1 {s-1}}\right)$

Thus if we can show that the second term of $(1)$ is bounded, the result holds.

On $\operatorname{Re} \left({s}\right) > 1$:

This last is $\zeta \left({2}\right)$ where $\zeta$ is the Riemann zeta function, so is finite.