Recursively Enumerable Set is Image of Primitive Recursive Function/Corollary

Theorem
Let $S \subseteq \N$ be recursively enumerable.

Suppose $S$ is non-empty.

Then there exists a primitive recursive function $f : \N \to \N$ such that:
 * $\Img f = S$

Proof
By Recursively Enumerable Set is Image of Primitive Recursive Function, there is some primitive recursive $g : \N^k \to \N$ such that:
 * $\Img g = S$

As $S$ is non-empty, let $n \in S$.

Define:
 * $\map f x = \begin{cases}

\map g {\paren{x}_1, \dotsc, \paren{x}_k} & : x \in \operatorname{Seq} \land \map {\operatorname{len}} x = k \\ n & : \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$

That $f$ is primitive recursive follows from:
 * Definition by Cases is Primitive Recursive/Corollary
 * Set of Sequence Codes is Primitive Recursive
 * Length Function is Primitive Recursive
 * Equality Relation is Primitive Recursive
 * Set Operations on Primitive Recursive Relations
 * Prime Exponent Function is Primitive Recursive

Suppose $y \in \Img g$.

Then, there exist $\tuple {x_1, \dotsc, x_k} \in \N^k$ such that:
 * $\map g {x_1, \dotsc, x_k} = y$

Let $X$ be the sequence coding for $\sequence {x_1, \dotsc, x_k}$.

Then, $X \in \operatorname{Seq}$ and $\map {\operatorname{len}} X = k$.

Therefore, $\map f X = y$.

Now, suppose $y \in \Img f$.

Then, there exists $x \in \N$ such that:
 * $\map f x = y$

If $x \in \operatorname{Seq} \land \map {\operatorname{len}} x = k$ holds, then:
 * $y = \map g {\paren{x}_1, \dotsc, \paren{x}_k}$

and thus $y \in \Img g$.

Otherwise, $y = n \in S$.

But as $S = \Img g$, it follows that $y \in \Img g$.