Primitive of Reciprocal of 1 minus Cosine of a x

Theorem

 * $\ds \int \frac {\d x} {1 - \cos a x} = -\frac 1 a \cot \frac {a x} 2 + C$

Also see

 * Primitive of $\dfrac 1 {1 + \cos a x}$


 * Primitive of $\dfrac 1 {1 + \sin a x}$
 * Primitive of $\dfrac 1 {1 - \sin a x}$