Oscillation at Point (Infimum) equals Oscillation at Point (Epsilon-Neighborhood)

Theorem
Let $f: D \to \R$ be a real function where $D \subseteq \R$.

Let $x$ be a point in $D$.

Let $N_x$ be the set of open subset neighborhoods of $x$.

Let $E_x$ be the set of $\epsilon$-neighborhoods of $x$.

Let $\omega_f \left({x}\right)$ be the oscillation of $f$ at $x$ based on $N_x$:
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \inf \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in N_x}\right\}$

where $\omega_f \left({I}\right)$ is the oscillation of $f$ on $I$:
 * $\omega_f \left({I}\right) = \sup \left\{{\left\vert{f \left({y}\right) - f \left({z}\right)}\right\vert: y, z \in I \cap D}\right\}$

Let $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$ be the oscillation of $f$ at $x$ based on $E_x$:
 * $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) = \inf \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in E_x}\right\}$

Then:
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$ if and only if $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$

and, if $\omega_f \left({x}\right)$ and $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$ exist as real numbers:
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$

Necessary Condition
Let:
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \inf \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in N_x}\right\}$
 * $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) = \inf \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in E_x}\right\}$
 * $\omega_f \left({I}\right) = \sup \left\{{\left\vert{f \left({y}\right) - f \left({z}\right)}\right\vert: y, z \in I \cap D}\right\}$

Let $\omega_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$.

We need to prove:
 * $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$
 * $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) = \omega_f \left({x}\right)$

First, we intend to prove that $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$.

We have $\omega_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$.

Therefore, $\left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in N_x}\right\}$ contains a real number by Infimum of Set of Oscillations on Set.

Accordingly, an $I \in N_x$ exists such that $\omega_f \left({I}\right)$ is a real number.

$I$ is an open subset neighborhood of $x$ as $I \in N_x$.

This means that $I$ contains an open subset that contains (as an element) $x$.

Therefore, an $h \in \R_{>0}$ exists such that $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)$ is a subset of $I$.

Observe that $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right) \in N_x$.

We have:
 * $I \in N_x$
 * $\omega_f \left({I}\right) \in \R$
 * $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right) \in N_x$
 * $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right) \subset I$

This gives by Oscillation on Subset:
 * $\omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right) \in \R$

We observe that $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)$ is an $\epsilon$-neighborhood of $x$.

Therefore, $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right) \in E_x$.

Accordingly, $\omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right) \in \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in E_x}\right\}$.

Therefore, $\left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in E_x}\right\}$ contains a real number as $\omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right) \in \R$.

From this follows that $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$ by Infimum of Set of Oscillations on Set.

This is the first statement that we intended to prove.

Next, we need to prove that $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) = \omega_f \left({x}\right)$.

This result follows by Lemma 1 as $\omega_f \left({x}\right)$ and $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$ exist as real numbers.

Sufficient Condition
Let:
 * $N = \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in N_x}\right\}$
 * $E = \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in E_x}\right\}$
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \inf N$
 * $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) = \inf E$
 * $\omega_f \left({I}\right) = \sup \left\{{\left\vert{f \left({y}\right) - f \left({z}\right)}\right\vert: y, z \in I \cap D}\right\}$

Let $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$.

We need to prove:
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$

First, we intend to prove that $\omega_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$.

We have $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$.

Therefore, $E$ contains a real number by Infimum of Set of Oscillations on Set.

We observe by the definitions of $E_x$ and $N_x$ that every $I$ in $E_x$ is also an element of $N_x$.

Therefore, $E_x$ is a subset of $N_x$.

Accordingly:
 * $E$ is a subset of $N$ by the definitions of $E$ and $N$

We have:

This is the first statement that we intended to prove.

Next, we need to prove that $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$.

This result follows by Lemma 1 as $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$ and $\omega_f \left({x}\right)$ exist as real numbers.

Lemma 1
Let $f: D \to \R$ be a real function where $D \subseteq \R$.

Let $x$ be a point in $D$.

Let $N_x$ be the set of open subset neighborhoods of $x$.

Let $E_x$ be the set of $\epsilon$-neighborhoods of $x$.

Let $\omega_f \left({x}\right)$ be the oscillation of $f$ at $x$ based on $N_x$:
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \inf \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in N_x}\right\}$

where $\omega_f \left({I}\right)$ is the oscillation of $f$ on $I$:
 * $\omega_f \left({I}\right) = \sup \left\{{\left\vert{f \left({y}\right) - f \left({z}\right)}\right\vert: y, z \in I \cap D}\right\}$

Let $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$ be the oscillation of $f$ at $x$ based on $E_x$:
 * $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) = \inf \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in E_x}\right\}$

Let $\omega_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$.

Let $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$.

Then $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$.

Proof
We have:
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$
 * $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$

We need to prove that:
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \omega^E_f \left({x}\right)$

Let:
 * $N = \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in N_x}\right\}$
 * $E = \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in E_x}\right\}$
 * $\omega_f \left({x}\right) = \inf N$
 * $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) = \inf E$
 * $\omega_f \left({I}\right) = \sup \left\{{\left\vert{f \left({y}\right) - f \left({z}\right)}\right\vert: y, z \in I \cap D}\right\}$

We have:
 * $\inf N \in \R$ as $\omega_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$
 * $\inf E \in \R$ as $\omega^E_f \left({x}\right) \in \R$

Let:
 * $NR = N \cap \R$

Let $I \in N_x$.

Therefore, $x \in I$.

Oscillation on Set is an Extended Real Number gives that $\omega_f \left({I}\right)$ is an extended real number.

Therefore:
 * $N$ is a set of extended real numbers as $N = \left\{{\omega_f \left({I}\right): I \in N_x}\right\}$

Also, we have that $N$ is bounded below (in $\R$) as $\inf N \in \R$.

This gives by Infimum of Real Subset:
 * $\inf NR \in \R$ as $\inf N \in \R$
 * $\inf NR = \inf N$ as $\inf NR \in \R$ and $\inf N \in \R$

Let:
 * $ER = E \cap \R$

We observe by the definitions of $E_x$ and $N_x$ that every $I$ in $E_x$ is also an element of $N_x$.

Therefore, $E_x$ is a subset of $N_x$.

Accordingly:
 * $E$ is a subset of $N$ by the definitions of $E$ and $N$

Therefore:
 * $ER$ is a subset of $NR$ by Set Intersection Preserves Subsets/Corollary

We have that $N$ is a set of extended real numbers.

Also, we have that $E$ is a subset of $N$.

Therefore, $E$ is a set of extended real numbers.

Also, we have that $E$ is bounded below (in $\R$) as $\inf E \in \R$.

This gives by Infimum of Real Subset:
 * $\inf ER \in \R$ as $\inf E \in \R$
 * $\inf ER = \inf E$ as $\inf ER \in \R$ and $\inf E \in \R$

Assume that:
 * $s$ is a real number in $N$

Then an $I \in N_x$ exists such that:
 * $\omega_f \left({I}\right) = s$ as $N = \left\{{\omega_f \left({I'}\right): I' \in N_x}\right\}$

We have that $\omega_f \left({I}\right) \in \R$ as $s \in \R$.

The real set $I$ is an open subset neighborhood of $x$ as $I \in N_x$.

This means that $I$ contains an open subset that contains (as an element) $x$.

Therefore, an $h \in \R_{>0}$ exists such that $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)$ is a subset of $I$.

Observe that $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right) \in N_x$.

We have:
 * $I \in N_x$
 * $\omega_f \left({I}\right) \in \R$
 * $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right) \in N_x$
 * $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right) \subset I$

This gives by Oscillation on Subset:
 * $\omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right) \in \R$
 * $\omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right) \le \omega_f \left({I}\right)$

We have that $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right) \in E_x$ as $\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)$ is an $\epsilon$-neighborhood of $x$.

Therefore:
 * $\omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right) \in E$ as $E = \left\{{\omega_f \left({I'}\right): I' \in E_x}\right\}$

Let:
 * $t = \omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right)$

We have $t \in E$ as $\omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right) \in E$.

Also, $t \in \R$ as $\omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right) \in \R$.

Accordingly:
 * $t \in ER$ as $ER = E \cap \R$

We have $t = \omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right)$ and $s = \omega_f \left({I}\right)$.

Therefore:
 * $t \le s$ as $\omega_f \left({\left({x - h \,.\,.\, x + h}\right)}\right) \le \omega_f \left({I}\right)$

We have assumed that $s$ is a real number in $N$.

Therefore:
 * $s \in NR$ as $NR = N \cap \R$

We have: