Open and Closed Sets in Topological Space

Theorem
Let $T = \left({S, \tau}\right)$ be a topological space.

Then $S$ and $\varnothing$ are both both open and closed in $T$.

Proof
From the definition of closed set, $U$ is open in $T$ $S \setminus U$ is closed in $T$.

From Underlying Set of Topological Space is Clopen, $S$ is both open and closed in $T$.

From Empty Set is Element of Topology, $\varnothing$ is open in $T$.

From Empty Set is Closed in Topological Space, we have that $\varnothing$ is closed in $T$.