Definition:Initial Segment

Definition
Let $\left({S, \preceq}\right)$ be a well-ordered set.

Let $a \in S$.

The initial segment (of $S$) determined by $a$ is defined as:


 * $S_a := \left\{{b \in S: b \preceq a \land b \ne a}\right\}$

which can also be rendered as:


 * $S_a := \left\{{b \in S: b \prec a}\right\}$

That is, $S_a$ is the set of all elements of $S$ that strictly precede $a$.

That is, $S_a$ is the strict lower closure of $a$ (in $S$).

Also known as
The concept of an initial segment is often (and usually more clearly) referred to by its mundane description: the set of strictly preceding elements.

Some sources refer to this concept as a segment.

Some sources use the term initial segment more broadly, describing the concept referred to on as strict lower closure.

Some sources use the term initial segment to refer to sets with a certain property relative to a relation. Terminology for such sets is currently not fixed on.

It is also worth noting that the concept of defining the set of all elements which are related to another element crops up throughout the fields of mapping theory and relation theory. However, defining that set as a segment is usually done only in the context of order theory.

Some sources use $s \left({a}\right)$ for $S_a$.

There is no standard convention for this concept. Therefore it is important, before introducing the notation into a thesis, to define it.

Strict
When it is necessary to distinguish between this and a weak initial segment, this is called a strict initial segment.

Also see

 * Definition:Weak Initial Segment
 * Definition:Strict Upper Closure