Arc of Cycloid is Concave

Theorem
Consider a circle of radius $a$ rolling without slipping along the x-axis of a cartesian plane.

Consider the point $P$ on the circumference of this circle which is at the origin when its center is on the y-axis.

Consider the cycloid traced out by the point $P$.

Let $\tuple {x, y}$ be the coordinates of $P$ as it travels over the plane.

Then the locus of $P$ is concave.

Proof
From Second Derivative of Locus of Cycloid:
 * $y'' = -\dfrac a {y^2}$

As $y \ge 0$ throughout, then $y'' < 0$ wherever $y \ne 0$, which is at the cusps.

The result follows from Second Derivative of Concave Real Function is Non-Positive.