Equivalence of Definitions of Topology Generated by Synthetic Basis

Theorem
Let $S$ be a set.

Let $\mathcal B$ be a synthetic basis on $S$.

Let $\tau$ be the topology on $S$ generated by the synthetic basis $\mathcal B$:
 * $\displaystyle \tau = \left\{{\bigcup \mathcal A: \mathcal A \subseteq \mathcal B}\right\}$

Then:


 * $\displaystyle ({1}): \quad \forall U \subseteq S: U \in \tau \iff U = \bigcup \left\{{B \in \mathcal B: B \subseteq U}\right\}$


 * $({2}): \quad \forall U \subseteq S: U \in \tau \iff \forall x \in U: \exists B \in \mathcal B: x \in B \subseteq U$

Proof of $({1})$
Trivially, the reverse implication holds, as $\left\{{B \in \mathcal B: B \subseteq U}\right\} \subseteq \mathcal B$.

We now show that the forward implication holds.

Suppose that $U \in \tau$. Then, by definition:
 * $\displaystyle \exists \mathcal A \subseteq \mathcal B: U = \bigcup \mathcal A$

By Union is Smallest Superset: General Result, we have::
 * $\displaystyle \forall B \in \mathcal A: B \subseteq U$

By the definition of a subset, it follows that:
 * $\displaystyle \mathcal A \subseteq \left\{{B \in \mathcal B: B \subseteq U}\right\}$

Therefore:
 * $\displaystyle U = \bigcup \mathcal A \subseteq \bigcup \left\{{B \in \mathcal B: B \subseteq U}\right\}$

Definition of a Subset:
 * $\displaystyle \mathbb A \subseteq \mathbb B \iff \forall \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \implies \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \right]$

Definition of a Generalized Union:
 * $\displaystyle \mathcal t \in \bigcup_{}^{} \left[ \mathbb x \right] \iff \exists \mathcal q \left[ \mathcal q \in \mathbb x \wedge \mathcal t \in \mathcal q \right]$

The following is a tautology:
 * $\displaystyle \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \implies \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \right] \implies \left[ \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \implies \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \right]$

Bind "t" with a universal quantifier:
 * $\displaystyle \forall \mathcal t \left[ \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \implies \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \right] \implies \left[ \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \implies \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \right] \right]$

Distribute the universal quantifier and utilize the definition for a subset:
 * $\displaystyle \forall \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \implies \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \right] \implies \forall \mathcal t \left[ \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \implies \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \right]$
 * $\displaystyle \mathbb A \subseteq \mathbb B \implies \forall \mathcal t \left[ \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \implies \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \right]$

The operation used to distribute the universal quantifier looks as follows:
 * $\displaystyle \forall \mathcal x \left[ \theta (x) \to \phi (x) \right] \implies \left( \forall \mathcal x \left[ \theta (x) \right] \to \forall \mathcal x \left[ \phi (x) \right] \right)$

Utilizing contraposition and replacing, respectively, "phi" with "not alpha" and "theta" with "not beta" makes the following valid formula scheme:
 * $\displaystyle \forall \mathcal x \left[ \alpha (x) \to \beta (x) \right] \implies \left( \exists \mathcal x \left[ \alpha (x) \right] \to \exists \mathcal x \left[ \beta (x) \right] \right)$

So far there are two formulas that can derive, via modus ponens, the following formula:
 * $\displaystyle \mathbb A \subseteq \mathbb B \implies \mathbf{\forall \mathcal t \left[ \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \implies \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \right]}$
 * $\displaystyle \mathbf{\forall \mathcal t \left[ \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \implies \left( \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right) \right]} \implies \left( \exists \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right] \implies \exists \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right] \right)$
 * $\displaystyle \therefore \mathbb A \subseteq \mathbb B \implies \left( \exists \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right] \implies \exists \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right] \right)$

This can be generalized for "q":
 * $\displaystyle \forall \mathcal q \left[ \mathbb A \subseteq \mathbb B \implies \left( \exists \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right] \implies \exists \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right] \right) \right]$

The following is a valid formula scheme:
 * $\displaystyle \forall \mathcal q \left[ \phi (x) \to \theta (q) \right] \implies \left( \phi (x) \to \forall \mathcal q \left[ \theta (q) \right] \right)$

Thus, one can utilize this scheme as an operation and utilize it on the generalized formula:
 * $\displaystyle \mathbb A \subseteq \mathbb B \implies \forall \mathcal q \left( \exists \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb A \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right] \implies \exists \mathcal t \left[ \mathcal t \in \mathbb B \wedge \mathcal q \in \mathcal t \right] \right)$

Now, after manipulating the first two definitions proposed into the previous formula yields:
 * $\displaystyle \mathbb A \subseteq \mathbb B \implies \bigcup_{}^{} \mathbb A \subseteq \bigcup_{}^{} \mathbb B$

By Union is Smallest Superset: General Result:
 * $\displaystyle \bigcup \left\{{B \in \mathcal B: B \subseteq U}\right\} \subseteq U$

By definition of set equality:
 * $\displaystyle U = \bigcup \left\{{B \in \mathcal B: B \subseteq U}\right\}$

Proof of $({2})$
From Set is Subset of Union: General Result, the forward implication directly follows.

We now show that the reverse implication holds.

By hypothesis, we have that:
 * $\displaystyle U \subseteq \bigcup \left\{{B \in \mathcal B: B \subseteq U}\right\}$

By Union is Smallest Superset: General Result:
 * $\displaystyle \bigcup \left\{{B \in \mathcal B: B \subseteq U}\right\} \subseteq U$

By definition of set equality:
 * $\displaystyle U = \bigcup \left\{{B \in \mathcal B: B \subseteq U}\right\}$

The result follows.