Subset of Domain is Subset of Preimage of Image

Theorem
Let $f: S \to T$ be a mapping.

Then:
 * $A \subseteq S \implies A \subseteq \paren {f^{-1} \circ f} \sqbrk A$

where:
 * $f \sqbrk A$ denotes the image of $A$ under $f$
 * $f^{-1} \sqbrk A$ denotes the preimage of $A$ under $f$
 * $f^{-1} \circ f$ denotes composition of $f^{-1}$ and $f$.

Proof
As a mapping is by definition also a relation.

Therefore Preimage of Image under Relation is Superset applies:
 * $A \subseteq S \implies A \subseteq \paren {\mathcal R^{-1} \circ \mathcal R} \sqbrk A$

where $\mathcal R$ is a relation.

Hence:
 * $A \subseteq S \implies A \subseteq \paren {f^{-1} \circ f} \sqbrk A$