Mathematician:Joseph Louis François Bertrand

French mathematician working in the fields of, , , economics and thermodynamics.

He conjectured Bertrand's Postulate, in 1845, that there is at least one prime between $$n$$ and $$2n - 2$$ for every $$n > 3$$. This was proved in 1850 by Chebyshev, and hence it is also known as the Bertrand-Chebyshev Theorem.

Also wrote plenty on the history of mathematics.

Brother-in-law of Charles Hermite.

Nationality
French

History

 * Born: March 11, 1822, Paris, France
 * Died: April 5, 1900, Paris, France

Theorems and Definitions

 * Bertrand's Postulate, a.k.a. Bertrand-Chebyshev Theorem.

Books and Papers

 * 1843: Surfaces isothermes orthogonale
 * 1845: Mémoire sur le nombre de valeurs que peut prendre une fonction quand on y permute les lettres qu'elle renferme
 * 1849: Traité d'arithmétique
 * 1850: Traité élémentaire d'algèbre
 * 1853: Lagrange's Mécanique analytique (editor)
 * 1855: Méthode des moindres carrés (a translation of Gauss's work on least squares)
 * 1864-1870: Traité de calcul différentiel et de calcul intégral (2 volumes: a third volume was written but the manuscript was destroyed by fire during the political unrest in 1871 and was never rewritten)
 * 1865: Arago et sa vie scientifique (biography of Arago)
 * 1865: Les fondateurs de l'astronomie moderne: Copernic, Tycho Brahé, Képler, Galilée, Newton (biographies)
 * 1867: Rapport sur les progrès les plus récents de l'analyse mathématique
 * 1887: Thermodynamique
 * 1888: Calcul des probabilités
 * 1890: Leçons sur la théorie mathématique de l'électricité
 * 1891: Blaise Pascal (biography)