Definition:Cauchy Matrix

Definition
The Cauchy matrix, commonly denoted $C_n$, can be found defined in two forms.

The Cauchy matrix is an $m \times n$ matrix whose elements are in the form:
 * either $a_{ij} = \dfrac 1 {x_i + y_j}$
 * or $a_{ij} = \dfrac 1 {x_i - y_j}$.

where $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m$ and $y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n$ are elements of a field $F$.

They are of course equivalent, by taking $y'_j = -y_j$.

Note that $x_i + y_j$ (or $x_i - y_j$, depending on how the matrix is defined) must not be zero, or the element will be undefined.

Thus, writing the matrix out in full:
 * $C_n := \begin{bmatrix}

\dfrac 1 {x_1 + y_1} & \dfrac 1 {x_1 + y_2 } & \cdots & \dfrac 1 {x_1 + y_n} \\ \dfrac 1 {x_2 + y_1} & \dfrac 1 {x_2 + y_2 } & \cdots & \dfrac 1 {x_2 + y_n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ \dfrac 1 {x_m + y_1} & \dfrac 1 {x_m + y_2 } & \cdots & \dfrac 1 {x_m + y_n} \\ \end{bmatrix}$

or:
 * $C_n := \begin{bmatrix}

\dfrac 1 {x_1 - y_1} & \dfrac 1 {x_1 - y_2 } & \cdots & \dfrac 1 {x_1 - y_n} \\ \dfrac 1 {x_2 - y_1} & \dfrac 1 {x_2 - y_2 } & \cdots & \dfrac 1 {x_2 - y_n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ \dfrac 1 {x_m - y_1} & \dfrac 1 {x_m - y_2 } & \cdots & \dfrac 1 {x_m - y_n} \\ \end{bmatrix}$

Also defined as
Some sources insist that:
 * the elements $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m$ are all distinct
 * the elements $y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n$ are also all distinct.

If this is not the case, then its determinant is undefined.

Also known as
Some sources report this as Cauchy's matrix.