Natural Frequency of Underdamped System

Theorem
Consider a physical system $S$ whose behaviour can be described with the second order ODE in the form:
 * $\dfrac {\mathrm d^2 x} {\mathrm d t^2} + 2 b \dfrac {\mathrm d x} {\mathrm d t} + a^2 x = 0$

for $a, b \in \R_{>0}$.

Let $b < a$, so as to make $S$ underdamped.

Then the natural frequency of $S$ is given by:
 * $\nu = \dfrac {\sqrt {a^2 - b^2} } {2 \pi}$

Proof
Let the position of $S$ be described in the canonical form:
 * $(1): \quad x = \dfrac {x_0 \, a} \omega e^{-b t} \cos \left({\omega t - \theta}\right)$

where $\omega = \sqrt {a^2 - b^2}$.

From Period of Oscillation of Underdamped System is Regular:
 * $T = \dfrac {2 \pi} {\sqrt {a^2 - b^2} }$

where $T$ is the period of the movement of $S$.

By definition of natural frequency:
 * $\nu = \dfrac 1 T = \dfrac {\sqrt {a^2 - b^2} } {2 \pi}$