Mathematician:Jamshīd al-Kāshī

In Persian:  محمد بن محمد بن الحسن طوسی  -- Ghiyās-ud-dīn Jamshīd Kāshānī.

Prominent mathematician of the newly-founded Samarkand Institute.

Best known for calculating the value of pi ($\pi$) to $16$ decimal places.

Nationality
Persian

History

 * Born: c. 1380, Kashan, Iran
 * Died: 22 June 1429, Samarkand, Transoxania

Theorems, Definitions and Inventions

 * The value of pi ($\pi$) to $16$ decimal places
 * Law of Cosines (known in France as Théorème d'Al-Kashi (Al-Kashi's Theorem)
 * Triple Angle Formula for Sine

Books and Papers

 * Khaqani Zij
 * Sullam al-Sama
 * The Treatise on the Chord and Sine
 * The Key to Arithmetic in which Pascal's Triangle (under the name  Triangle) is discussed


 * 1416: Treatise on Astronomical Observational Instruments

Other inventions

 * Plate of Conjunctions, an analog computing instrument used to determine the time of day at which planetary conjunctions will occur


 * Plate of Zones, a mechanical planetary computer