Mathematician:Tito Livio Burattini

Mathematician
Italian inventor, architect, Egyptologist, scientist, instrument-maker, traveller, engineer, and nobleman.

Developed an early system of measurement based on time, similar to today's International System of Units.

Invented the the metro cattolico (that is "catholic [i.e. universal] metre"), a unit of length equivalent to the length of a pendulum whose period is $1$ second.

Probably the first to recommend the name metre for a unit of length.

Used measurements made by in an attempt to accurately determine the circumference of Earth.

Made lenses for microscopes and telescopes, and gave some of them to.

Performed optical experiments and contributed to the discovery of irregularities on the surface of Venus, comparable to those on the Moon.

Credited with building a calculating machine, which he donated to, that borrowed from both a machine and Napier's bones.

Nationality
Italian

History

 * Born: 8 March 1617 in Agordo, Italy
 * 1639: Explored the Great Pyramid of Giza with
 * 1641: Moved to Poland at the invitation of the court of
 * 1647: Built a model aircraft with four fixed glider wings
 * Died: 17 November 1681 in Kraków, Poland

Theorems and Definitions

 * Invented the Metre

Publications

 * 1675: Misura Universale ("Universal Measure")

Also known as
In Polish his name was rendered Tytus Liwiusz Burattini.