Method of the Auxiliary Hypothesis

Definition
The method rests on the Criterion of Deduction:

Let $A$ be a relation in $I$, and $I*$ be the the theory obtained by adjoining $A$ to the axioms of $I$. If $B$ is a theorem in $I*$, then $A \Rightarrow B$ is a theorem in $I$.

The proof is on the page 30 in the book Theory of Sets by Bourbaki.

Example
Suppose a field, where the inverse of the zero-element and its existence are not defined in axioms.

'''The auxiliary hypothesis: ''' adjoin the inconsistent assumption (not yet proved) to the axioms that the zero-element has an inverse:

${0}^{-1}*0 = 1$

According to the axioms of the field:

$0^{-1}*0 = 0*0^{-1}= 0$

Contradiction, since an axiom of the field states the uniqueness of the product. So the zero-element has no inverse by the Method of the auxiliary hypothesis. Otherwise, the set of axioms would be inconsistent.

A common mistake is to assume the non-existence of the inverse for the zero-element from the axioms of the field. It is a consequence, not a definition per se.

QED

Similarity to a proof method from Propositional Logic
If $a \land \neg b$ leads to contradiction, then the proposition $(a\rightarrow b)$ is right.

$(a\rightarrow b) \Leftrightarrow (\neg a \lor b) \Leftrightarrow \neg (a \land \neg b)$