Cardinality of Cartesian Product

Theorem
Let $S \times T$ be the cartesian product of two finite sets $S$ and $T$.

Then:
 * $\card {S \times T} = \card S \times \card T$

where $\card S$ denotes cardinality. This is convenient, given the symbology.

Proof
Let $\card S = n$ and $\card T = m$.

If either $n = 0$ or $m = 0$, then from Cartesian Product is Empty iff Factor is Empty:
 * $S \times T = \O$

and the result holds, as $n m = 0 = \card \O$ from Cardinality of Empty Set.

So, we assume that $n > 0$ and $m > 0$.

For each $a \in S$, we define the mapping $g_a: T \to \set a \times T$ such that:


 * $\forall y \in T: \map {g_a} y = \tuple {a, y}$

The mapping $g_a$ is a bijection, so:
 * $\card {\set a \times T} = m$

Now let:
 * $\mathbb T = \set {\set a \times T: a \in S}$

We define the mapping $h: S \to \mathbb T$:


 * $\forall a \in S: \map h a = \set a \times T$

The mapping $h$ is a bijection, so $\card {\mathbb T} = n$.

Thus $\mathbb T$ is a partition of $S \times T$ containing $n$ sets.

Hence from Number of Elements in Partition:
 * $\card {S \times T} = n m$

and the result follows.