Conditions for Function to be First Integral of Euler's Equations for Vanishing Variation
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Theorem
Let $\Phi = \map {\Phi} {x, \family {y_i}_{1 \mathop \le i \mathop \le n}, \family {p_i}_{1 \mathop \le i \mathop \le n} }$ be a real function.
Let $H$ be Hamiltonian.
Then a necessary and sufficient condition for $\Phi$ to be the first integral of Euler's Equations is
- $\dfrac {\partial \Phi} {\partial x} + \sqbrk{\Phi, H} = 0$
Corollary 1
Let $\dfrac {\partial\Phi} {\partial x}=0$.
Then $\Phi$ is the first integral if its Poisson Bracket with the Hamiltonian vanishes.
Corollary 2
Let $\Phi = H$.
Let $\dfrac {\partial H} {\partial x} = 0$.
Then $H$ is the first integral of Euler's Equations.
Proof
\(\ds \dfrac {\d \Phi} {\d x}\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \frac {\partial\Phi} {\partial x} + \sum_{i \mathop = 1}^n \frac {\partial \Phi} {\partial y_i} \frac {\partial y_i} {\partial x} + \sum_{i \mathop = 1}^n \frac {\partial \Phi} {\partial p_i} \frac{\partial p_i} {\partial x}\) | ||||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \frac {\partial \Phi} {\partial x} + \sum_{i \mathop = 1}^n \frac {\partial \Phi} {\partial y_i} \frac {\partial H} {\partial p_i} - \sum_{i \mathop = 1}^n \frac {\partial \Phi} {\partial p_i} \frac{\partial H} {\partial y_i}\) | ||||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \frac {\partial \Phi} {\partial x} + \sqbrk{\Phi, H}\) |
For $\Phi$ to be the first integral:
- $\dfrac {\d \Phi} {\d x} = 0$
Hence the result.
$\blacksquare$
Sources
- 1963: I.M. Gelfand and S.V. Fomin: Calculus of Variations ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 4.16$: The Canonical Form of the Euler's Equations