Definition:Inverse Hyperbolic Secant/Real
Definition
Let $S$ denote the half-open real interval:
- $S := \hointl 0 1$
Definition 1
The inverse hyperbolic secant $\sech^{-1}: S \to \R$ is a real function defined on $S$ as:
- $\forall x \in S: \map {\sech^{-1} } x := y \in \R_{\ge 0}: x = \map \sech y$
where $\map \sech y$ denotes the hyperbolic secant function.
Definition 2
The inverse hyperbolic secant $\sech^{-1}: S \to \R$ is a real function defined on $S$ as:
- $\forall x \in S: \map {\sech^{-1} } x := \map \ln {\dfrac {1 + \sqrt {1 - x^2} } x}$
where:
- $\ln$ denotes the natural logarithm of a (strictly positive) real number.
- $\sqrt {1 - x^2}$ denotes the positive square root of $1 - x^2$
Hence for $0 < x < 1$, $\map {\sech^{-1} } x$ has $2$ values.
For $x > 0$ and $x > 1$, $\map {\sech^{-1} } x$ is not defined.
Graph of Inverse Hyperbolic Secant
The graph of the real inverse hyperbolic secant function appears as:
Principal Value
The principal branch of the real inverse hyperbolic secant function is defined as:
- $\forall x \in S: \map \arsech x := \map \ln {\dfrac {1 + \sqrt {1 - x^2} } x}$
where:
- $\ln$ denotes the natural logarithm of a (strictly positive) real number.
- $\sqrt {1 - x^2}$ specifically denotes the positive square root of $x^2 - 1$
That is, where $\map \arsech x \ge 0$.
Also known as
The principal branch of the inverse hyperbolic secant is also known as the area hyperbolic secant, as it can be used, among other things, for evaluating areas of regions bounded by hyperbolas.
Some sources refer to it as hyperbolic arcsecant, but this is strictly a misnomer, as there is nothing arc related about an inverse hyperbolic secant.
In the real domain, $\mathsf{Pr} \infty \mathsf{fWiki}$ reserves the term area hyperbolic secant strictly for the principal branch, that is, for $\map \arsech x > 0$.
Also see
- Definition:Real Inverse Hyperbolic Sine
- Definition:Real Inverse Hyperbolic Cosine
- Definition:Real Inverse Hyperbolic Tangent
- Definition:Real Inverse Hyperbolic Cotangent
- Definition:Real Inverse Hyperbolic Cosecant
- Results about the inverse hyperbolic secant can be found here.
Sources
- Weisstein, Eric W. "Inverse Hyperbolic Secant." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/InverseHyperbolicSecant.html