Definition:Natural Isomorphism
Definition
Let $\mathbf C$ and $\mathbf D$ be categories.
Covariant Functors
Let $F, G : \mathbf C \to \mathbf D$ be covariant functors.
Definition 1
A natural isomorphism from $F$ to $G$ is a natural transformation $\eta : F \to G$ such that for all $x\in \mathbf C$, $\eta_x : F(x) \to G(x)$ is an isomorphism.
Definition 2
A natural isomorphism from $F$ to $G$ is an isomorphism in the functor category $\operatorname{Funct}(\mathbf C, \mathbf D)$, that is, a natural transformation $\eta : F \to G$ for which there exists a natural transformation $\xi : G \to F$ such that the compositions $\xi \circ \eta = 1_F$ and $\eta \circ \xi = 1_G$ are identity natural transformations.
Contravariant Functors
Definition:Natural Isomorphism between Contravariant Functors
Also known as
Some sources use the term natural equivalence for natural isomorphism.