Derivative is Included in Closure

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Theorem

Let $T = \struct {S, \tau}$ be a topological space.

Let $A$ be a subset of $S$.


Then

$A' \subseteq A^-$

where

$A'$ denotes the derivative of $A$
$A^-$ denotes the closure of $A$.


Proof

Let $x \in A'$.

By Condition for Point being in Closure it is enough to prove that:

for every open set $G$ of $T$:
if $x \in G$
then $A \cap G \ne \O$.


Let $G$ be an open set of $T$.

Let $x \in G$.

Then by Characterization of Derivative by Open Sets:

there exists a point $\exists y \in S: y \in A \cap G \land x \ne y$.

Hence:

$A \cap G \ne \O$

Hence the result.

$\blacksquare$


Sources