Diagonal Relation is Right Identity

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Theorem

Let $\RR \subseteq S \times T$ be a relation on $S \times T$.


Then:

$\RR \circ \Delta_S = \RR$

where $\Delta_S$ is the diagonal relation on $S$, and $\circ$ signifies composition of relations.


Proof

We use the definition of relation equality, as follows:


Equality of Codomains

The codomains of $\RR$ and $\RR \circ \Delta_S$ are both equal to $T$ from Codomain of Composite Relation.


Equality of Domains

The domains of $\RR$ and $\RR \circ \Delta_S$ are also easily shown to be equal.

From Domain of Composite Relation:

$\Dom {\RR \circ \Delta_S} = \Dom {\Delta_S}$

But from the definition of the diagonal relation:

$\Dom {\Delta_S} = \Img {\Delta_S} = S$


Equality of Relations

The composite of $\Delta_S$ and $\RR$ is defined as:

$\RR \circ \Delta_S = \set {\tuple {x, z} \in S \times T: \exists y \in S: \tuple {x, y} \in \Delta_S \land \tuple {y, z} \in \RR}$

But by definition of the diagonal relation on $S$, we have that:

$\tuple {x, y} \in \Delta_S \implies x = y$

Hence:

$\RR \circ \Delta_S = \set {\tuple {y, z} \in S \times T: \exists y \in S: \tuple {y, y} \in \Delta_S \land \tuple {y, z} \in \RR}$


But as $\forall y \in S: \tuple {y, y} \in \Delta_S$, this means:

$\RR \circ \Delta_S = \set {\tuple {y, z} \in S \times T: \tuple {y, z} \in \RR}$

That is:

$\RR \circ \Delta_S = \RR$

Hence the result.

$\blacksquare$


Also see


Sources