# Gelfond-Schneider Theorem/Lemma 2

## Lemma

Let $\map f z$ be an analytic function in the disk $D \subseteq \C: D = \set {z : \size z < R}$ for some real number $R > 0$.

Let $f$ also be continuous on the closure of $D$, that is, on $D^- = \set {z : \size z \le R}$.

Then:

$\forall z \in D^-: \size {\map f z} \le \size f_R$, where we set $\size f_R = \max_{\size z = R} \size {\map f z}$.

This lemma is essentially a restatement of the maximum modulus principle for analytic functions.

## Proof

Since $D^-$ is compact, the continuous function $\size f$ has a maximum point $z_0 \in D^-$, meaning that $\size {\map f {z_0} } = \max_{D^-} \size f$.

If $z_0$ belongs to the open disk $D$, then the maximum modulus principle implies that $f$ is constant, in which case the statement is trivial.

If instead $z_0$ belongs to the boundary $D^- \setminus D$, then $\size {z_0} = R$ and so $\size {\map f {z_0} } \le \size f_R$.

Since $\size {\map f z} \le \size {\map f {z_0} }$ for any $z \in D^-$, the statement follows.

$\Box$