Intersection with Normal Subgroup is Normal/Examples/Subset Product of Normal Subgroup with Intersection

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Example of Use of Intersection with Normal Subgroup is Normal

Let $\struct G$ be a group whose identity is $e$.

Let $H_1, H_2$ be subgroups of $G$.

Let:

$N_1 \lhd H_1$
$N_2 \lhd H_2$

where $\lhd$ denotes the relation of being a normal subgroup.


Then:

$N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} \lhd N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap H_2}$


Proof

Consider arbitrary $x_n \in N_1, x_h \in H_1 \cap H_2$.

Thus:

$x_n x_h \in N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap H_2}$

Note that as $x_h \in H_1 \cap H_2$ it follows that $x_h \in H_1$.


We aim to show that:

$x_n x_h N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} \paren {x_n x_h}^{-1} \subseteq N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap H_2}$

thus demonstrating $N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} \lhd N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap H_2}$ by the Normal Subgroup Test.


We have:

\(\ds x_n x_h N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} \paren {x_n x_h}^{-1}\) \(=\) \(\ds x_n x_h N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} {x_h}^{-1} {x_n}^{-1}\) Inverse of Group Product
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds x_n x_h N_1 {x_h}^{-1} x_h \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} {x_h}^{-1} {x_n}^{-1}\)
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds x_n N_1 x_h \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} {x_h}^{-1} {x_n}^{-1}\) as $N_1 \lhd H_1$
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds x_n N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} {x_n}^{-1}\) $H_1 \cap N_2$ is normal in $H_1$ from Intersection with Normal Subgroup is Normal
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} {x_n}^{-1}\)
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} N_1 {x_n}^{-1}\) Subset Product of Subgroups
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds \paren {H_1 \cap N_2} N_1\)
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds N_1 \paren {H_1 \cap N_2}\) Subset Product of Subgroups

$\blacksquare$


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