Modulo Addition is Closed/Integers

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Theorem

Let $m \in \Z$ be an integer.

Then addition modulo $m$ on the set of integers modulo $m$ is closed:

$\forall \eqclass x m, \eqclass y m \in \Z_m: \eqclass x m +_m \eqclass y m \in \Z_m$.


Proof

From the definition of addition modulo $m$, we have:

$\eqclass x m +_m \eqclass y m = \eqclass {x + y} m$

By the Division Theorem:

$x + y = q m + r$ where $0 \le r < m$

Therefore for all $0 \le r < m$:

$\eqclass {x + y} m = \eqclass r m$.

Therefore from the definition of integers modulo $m$:

$\eqclass {x + y} m \in \Z_m$

$\blacksquare$


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