Natural Frequency of Underdamped System

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Theorem

Consider a physical system $S$ whose behaviour can be described with the second order ODE in the form:

$\dfrac {\d^2 x} {\d t^2} + 2 b \dfrac {\d x} {\d t} + a^2 x = 0$

for $a, b \in \R_{>0}$.

Let $b < a$, so as to make $S$ underdamped.


Then the natural frequency of $S$ is given by:

$\nu = \dfrac {\sqrt {a^2 - b^2} } {2 \pi}$


Proof

Let the position of $S$ be described in the canonical form:

$(1): \quad x = \dfrac {x_0 \, a} \alpha e^{-b t} \map \cos {\alpha t - \theta}$

where $\alpha = \sqrt {a^2 - b^2}$.

From Period of Oscillation of Underdamped System is Regular:

$T = \dfrac {2 \pi} {\sqrt {a^2 - b^2} }$

where $T$ is the period of the movement of $S$.

By definition of natural frequency:

$\nu = \dfrac 1 T = \dfrac {\sqrt {a^2 - b^2} } {2 \pi}$

$\blacksquare$


Sources