Sequential Characterization of Limit at Minus Infinity of Real Function/Corollary
Corollary
Let $f : \R \to \R$ be a real function.
Let $L$ be a real number.
Then:
- $\ds \lim_{x \to -\infty} \map f x = L$
- for all decreasing real sequences $\sequence {x_n}_{n \mathop \in \N}$ with $x_n \to -\infty$ we have $\map f {x_n} \to L$
where:
- $\ds \lim_{x \mathop \to -\infty} \map f x$ denotes the limit at $-\infty$ of $f$.
Proof
Necessary Condition
Suppose that:
- $\ds \lim_{x \to -\infty} \map f x = L$
Then, from Sequential Characterization of Limit at Minus Infinity of Real Function, we have:
- for all real sequences $\sequence {x_n}_{n \mathop \in \N}$ with $x_n \to -\infty$ we have $\map f {x_n} \to L$.
So, in particular:
- for all decreasing real sequences $\sequence {x_n}_{n \mathop \in \N}$ with $x_n \to -\infty$ we have $\map f {x_n} \to L$.
$\Box$
Sufficient Condition
Suppose that:
- for all decreasing real sequences $\sequence {x_n}_{n \mathop \in \N}$ with $x_n \to -\infty$ we have $\map f {x_n} \to L$.
Let $\sequence {x_n}_{n \mathop \in \N}$ be a real sequence with $x_n \to -\infty$.
Let $\sequence {x_{n_j} }_{j \mathop \in \N}$ be a subsequence of $\sequence {x_n}_{n \mathop \in \N}$.
From Peak Point Lemma, there exists a monotone subsequence $\sequence {x_{n_{j_k} } }_{k \mathop \in \N}$ of $\sequence {x_{n_j} }_{j \mathop \in \N}$.
From Subsequence of Real Sequence Diverging to Negative Infinity Diverges to Negative Infinity, we have:
- $x_{n_{j_k} } \to -\infty$
So, from the hypothesis, we have:
- $\map f {x_{n_{j_k} } } \to L$
So:
- any subsequence of $\sequence {\map f {x_n} }_{n \mathop \in \N}$ has a subsequence converging to $L$.
So, from Real Sequence with all Subsequences having Convergent Subsequence to Limit Converges to Same Limit, we have:
- $\map f {x_n} \to L$
$\blacksquare$