Sum over k of n Choose k by Fibonacci Number with index m+k
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Theorem
- $\ds \sum_{k \mathop \ge 0} \binom n k F_{m + k} = F_{m + 2 n}$
where:
- $\dbinom n k$ denotes a binomial coefficient
- $F_n$ denotes the $n$th Fibonacci number.
Proof
From Sum over k of n Choose k by Fibonacci t to the k by Fibonacci t-1 to the n-k by Fibonacci m+k:
- $(1): \quad \ds \sum_{k \mathop \ge 0} \binom n k {F_t}^k {F_{t - 1} }^{n - k} F_{m + k} = F_{m + t n}$
Letting $t = 2$ in $(1)$:
\(\ds \sum_{k \mathop \ge 0} \binom n k {F_2}^k {F_{2 - 1} }^{n - k} F_{m + k}\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \sum_{k \mathop \ge 0} \binom n k 1^k 1^{n - k} F_{m + k}\) | Definition of Fibonacci Number: $F_1 = 1, F_2 = 1$ | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \sum_{k \mathop \ge 0} \binom n k F_{m + k}\) | ||||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds F_{m + 2 n}\) | from $(1)$ |
$\blacksquare$
Sources
- 1997: Donald E. Knuth: The Art of Computer Programming: Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms (3rd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 1.2.8$: Fibonacci Numbers: Exercise $22$