Topological Closure of Subset is Subset of Topological Closure

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Theorem

Let $T = \struct {S, \tau}$ be a topological space.

Let $H \subseteq K$ and $K \subseteq S$.


Then:

$\map \cl H \subseteq \map \cl K$

where $\map \cl H$ denotes the closure of $H$.


Proof 1

From Topological Closure is Closed, $\map \cl K$ is closed.

From Set is Subset of its Topological Closure:

$K \subseteq \map \cl K$

By Subset Relation is Transitive, it follows that:

$H \subseteq \map \cl K$


Hence, by definition of closure as the smallest closed set that contains $H$:

$\map \cl H \subseteq \map \cl K$

$\blacksquare$


Proof 2

From the definition of closure:

$\map \cl H$ is the union of $H$ and its limit points.


Let $x \in \map \cl H$.

If $x \in H$ then $x \in K \implies x \in \map \cl K$.


Otherwise $x$ is a limit point of $H$.

That is, every open set $U$ of $T$ such that $x \in U$ contains $y \in H$ such that $y \ne x$.

But as $y \in H$ it follows that $y \in K$.

So every open set $U$ of $T$ such that $x \in U$ contains $y \in K$ such that $y \ne x$.

This is the definition for a limit point of $K$.

Thus $x \in \map \cl K$.


This page or section has statements made on it that ought to be extracted and proved in a Theorem page.
In particular: Extract the above paragraph into something like "Limit Point of Subset is Limit Point" (which proves that $H \subseteq K \implies H' \subseteq K'$). Then use Set Union Preserves Subsets to prove this result.
You can help $\mathsf{Pr} \infty \mathsf{fWiki}$ by creating any appropriate Theorem pages that may be needed.
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$\blacksquare$


Sources

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