User:Caliburn/s/mt/Measure of Singleton under Finite Borel Measure in terms of Distribution Function
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Theorem
Let $\mu$ be a finite Borel measure on $\R$.
Let $F_\mu$ be the distribution function of $\mu$.
Let $b \in \R$.
Then:
- $\map \mu {\set b} = \map {F_\mu} b - \map {F_\mu} {b^-}$
where:
- $\ds \map {F_\mu} {b^-} = \lim_{x \mathop \to b^-} \map {F_\mu} x$, where $\ds \lim_{x \mathop \to b^-}$ denotes the left limit at $b$.
Proof
From Distribution Function of Finite Borel Measure is Increasing, we have:
- $F_\mu$ is increasing.
From Distribution Function of Finite Borel Measure is Bounded, we have:
- $F_\mu$ is bounded.
So, from Limit of Increasing Function, we have:
- $\ds \lim_{x \mathop \to b^-} \map {F_\mu} x$ exists.
Write:
- $\ds \map {F_\mu} {b^-} = \lim_{x \mathop \to b^-} \map {F_\mu} x$
From Sequential Characterization of Left-Limit of Real Function: Corollary, we then have:
- for all monotone sequences $\sequence {x_n}_{n \mathop \in \N}$ with $x_n < b$ for each $n \in \N$ and $x_n \to b$, we have:
- $\ds \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \map {F_\mu} {x_n} = \map {F_\mu} {b^-}$
Sources
- 2013: Donald L. Cohn: Measure Theory (2nd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): $1.3$: Outer Measures