Vitali's Convergence Theorem
Theorem
Let $U$ be an open, connected subset of $\C$.
Let $S \subseteq U$ contain a limit point $\sigma$.
Let $\sequence {f_n}_{n \mathop \in \N}$ be a normal family of holomorphic mappings $f_n : U \to \C$.
Let $\sequence {f_n}_{n \mathop \in \N}$ converge to some holomorphic mapping $f : U \to \C$ at $\sigma$.
Then $f_n$ converges uniformly to $f$ on all compact subsets of $U$.
Proof
Aiming for a contradiction, suppose there exists some compact subset $K$ of $U$ such that $f_n$ does not converge uniformly to $f$ on $K$.
Consider $K^* := K \cup \set \sigma$.
From Subsets Inherit Uniform Convergence, $f_n$ does not converge uniformly to $f$ on $K^*$.
From Uniformly Convergent iff Difference Under Supremum Norm Vanishes, the above is equivalent to:
- $\exists \epsilon > 0 : \forall N \in \N : \exists n \ge N : \norm {f_n - f}_{K^*} \ge \epsilon$
where $\norm {\cdot}_{K^*}$ denotes the supremum norm over $K^*$.
From Finite Union of Compact Sets is Compact, $K^{*}$ is compact.
Since $\sequence {f_n}$ is a normal family, there is some subsequence $\sequence {f_{n_r} }$ of $\sequence {f_n}$ and some mapping $g \in \map {\HH} U$ such that:
- $\sequence {f_{n_r} }$ converges uniformly to $g$ on $K^*$.
Further:
\(\ds \map f \sigma\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \map {f_n} \sigma\) | Definition of $f$ at $\sigma$ | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \lim_{r \mathop \to \infty} \map {f_{n_r} } \sigma\) | Limit of Subsequence equals Limit of Sequence | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \map g \sigma\) | Definition of $g$ at $\sigma$ |
From the Identity Theorem, $f$ and $g$ agree on $U$.
From Uniformly Convergent iff Difference Under Supremum Norm Vanishes:
- $\exists N \in \N: r \ge N \implies \norm {f_{n_r} - f}_{K^*} < \epsilon$
This contradicts the result that:
- $\forall N \in \N: \exists n \ge N: \norm {f_n - f}_{K^*} \ge \epsilon$
Hence the result, by Proof by Contradiction.
$\blacksquare$
Source of Name
This entry was named for Giuseppe Vitali.
Sources
- 1939: E.C. Titchmarsh: The Theory of Functions (2nd ed.): $\S 5.2.1$