Book:Harvey Cohn/Advanced Number Theory
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Harvey Cohn: Advanced Number Theory
Published $\text {1962}$, Dover Publications, Inc.
- ISBN 0-486-64023-X
Subject Matter
Contents
- Preface
- Note: The sections marked with $*$ or $**$ might be omitted in class use if there is a lack of time. (Here the $**$ sections are considered more truly optional.)
Introductory Survey
- Diophantine Equations
- Motivating Problem in Quadratic Forms
- Use of Algebraic Numbers
- Primes in Arithmetic Progression
PART 1. BACKGROUND MATERIAL
- 1. Review of Elementary Number Theory and Group Theory
- Number Theoretical Concepts
- 1. Congruence
- 2. Unique factorizations
- 3. The Chinese remainder theorem
- 4. Structure of reduced residue classes
- 5. Residue classes for prime powers
- Number Theoretical Concepts
- Group Theoretic Concepts
- 6. Abelian groups and subgroups
- 7. Decomposition into cyclic groups
- Group Theoretic Concepts
- Quadratic Congruences
- 8. Quadratic residues
- 9. Jacobi symbol
- Quadratic Congruences
- $*$2. Characters
- 1. Definitions
- 2. Total number of characters
- 3. Residue classes
- 4. Resolution modulus
- 5. Quadratic residue characters
- 6. Kronecker's symbol and Hasse's congruence
- 7. Dirichlet's lemma on real characters
- 3. Some Algebraic Concepts
- 1. Representation by quadratic forms
- 2. Use of surds
- 3. Modules
- 4. Quadratic integers
- 5. Hilbert's example
- 6. Fields
- 7. Basis of quadratic integers
- 8. Integral domain
- 9. Basis of $\sigma_n$
- 10. Fields of arbitrary degree
- 4. Basis Theorems
- 1. Introduction of $n$ dimensions
- 2. Dirichlet's boxing-in principle
- 3. Lattices
- 4. Graphic representation
- 5. Theorem on existence of basis
- 6. Other interpretations of the basis construction
- 7. Lattices of rational integers, canonical basis
- 8. Sublattices and index concept
- 9. Applications to modules of quadratic integers
- 10. Discriminant of a quadratic field
- 11. Fields of higher degree
- $**$5. Further Applications of Basis Theorems
- Structure of Finite Abelian Groups
- 1. Lattice of group relations
- 2. Need for diagonal basis
- 3. Elementary divisor theory
- 4. Basis theorem for abelian groups
- 5. Simplification of result
- Structure of Finite Abelian Groups
- Geometric Remarks on Quadratic Forms
- 6. Successive minima
- 7. Binary forms
- 8. Korkine and Zolatareff's example
- Geometric Remarks on Quadratic Forms
PART 2. IDEAL THEORY IN QUADRATIC FIELDS
- 6. Unique Factorization and Units
- 1. The "missing" factors
- 2. Indecomposable integers, units, and primes
- 3. Existence of units in a quadratic field
- 4. Fundamental units
- 5. Construction of a fundamental unit
- 6. Failure of unique factorization into indecomposable integers
- 7. Euclidean algorithm
- 8. Occurrence of the Euclidean algorithm
- 9. Pell's equation
- 10. Fields of higher degree
- 7. Unique Factorisation into Ideals
- 1. Set theoretical notation
- 2. Definition of ideals
- 3. Principal ideals
- 4. Sum of ideals, basis
- 5. Rules for transforming the ideal
- 6. Product of ideals, the critical theorem, cancellation
- 7. "To contain is to divide"
- 8. Unique factorization
- 9. Sum and product of factored ideals
- 10. Two element basis, prime
- 11. The critical theorem and Hurwitz's 1emma
- 8. Norms and Ideal Classes
- 1. Multiplicative property of norms
- 2. Class structure
- 3. Minkowski's
- 4. Norm estimate
- 9. Class Structure in Quadratic Fields
- 1. The residue character theorem
- 2. Primary numbers
- 3. Determination of principal ideals with given norms
- 4. Determination of equivalence classes
- 5. Some imaginary fields
- 6. Class number unity
- 7. Units and class calculation of real quadratic fields
- 8. The famous polynomials $x^2 + x + q$
PART 3. APPLICATIONS OF IDEAL THEORY
- $*$10. Class Number Formulas and Primes in Arithmetic Progression
- 1. Introduction of analysis into number theory
- 2. Lattice points in
- 3. Ideal density in complex fields
- 4. Ideal density in real fields
- 5. Infinite series, the zeta-function
- 6. Euler factorization
- 7. The zeta-function and $L$-series for a field
- 8. Connection with ideal classes
- 9. Some simple class numbers
- 10. Dirichlet $L$-series and primes in arithmetic progression
- 11. Behavior of the $L$-series, conclusion of proof
- 12. Weber's theorem on primes in ideal classes
- 11. Quadratic Reciprocity
- 1. Rational use of class numbers
- 2. Results on units
- 3. Results on class structure
- 4. Quadratic reciprocity preliminaries
- 5. The main theorem
- 6. Kronecker's symbol reappraised
- 12. Quadratic Forms and Ideals
- 1. The problem of distinguishing between conjugates
- 2. The ordered bases of an ideal
- 3. Strictly equivalent ideals
- 4. Equivalence classes of quadratic forms
- 5. The correspondence procedure
- 6. The correspondence theorem
- 7. Complete set of classes of quadratic forms
- 8. Some typical representation problems
- $**$13. Compositions, Orders, and Genera
- 1. Composition of forms
- 2. Orders, ideals, and forms
- 3. Genus theory of forms
- 4. Hilbert's description of genera
$*$CONCLUDING SURVEY
- Cyclotomic Fields and Gaussian Sums
- Class Fields
- Global and Local Viewpoints
- Bibliography and Comments
- Some Classics Prior to 1900
- Some Recent Books (After 1900)
- Special References by Chapter
- Appendix Tables
- I. Minimum Prime Divisors of Numbers Not Divisible by 2, 3 or 5 from 1 to 18,000
- II. Power Residues for Primes Less than 100
- III. Class Structures of Quadratic Fields of $\sqrt m$ for $m$ Less than 100
- Index