Book:Michael R. Genesereth/Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Michael R. Genesereth and Nils J. Nilsson: Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Published $\text {1987}$, Morgan Kaufman

ISBN 0-934613-31-1

Subject Matter

• Logic

Contents

Acknowledgments

Preface

Typographical Conventions

1 Introduction

1.1 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

2 Declarative Knowledge

2.1 Conceptualisation

2.2 Predicate Calculus

2.3 Semantics

2.4 Blocks World Example

2.5 Circuits Example

2.6 Algebraic Examples

2.7 List Examples

2.8 Natural-Language Examples

2.9 Specialized Languages

2.10 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

3 Inference

3.1 Derivability

3.2 Inference Procedures

3.3 Logical Implication

3.4 Provability

3.5 Proving Provability

3.6 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

4 Resolution

4.1 Clausal Form

4.2 Unification

4.3 Resolution Principle

4.4 Resolution

4.5 Unsatisfiability

4.6 True-or-False Questions

4.7 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

4.8 Circuits Example

4.9 Mathematics Example

4.10 Soundness and Completeness

4.11 Resolution and Equality

4.12 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

5 Resolution Strategies

5.1 Deletion strategies

5.2 Unit Resolution

5.3 Input Resolution

5-4 Linear Resolution

5.5 Set of Support Resolution

5.6 Ordered Resolution

5.7 Directed Resolution

5.8 Sequential Constraint Satisfaction

5.9 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

6 Nonmonotonic Reasoning

6.1 The Closed-World Assumption

6.2 Predicate Completion

6.3 Taxonomic Hierarchies and Default Reasoning

6.4 Circumscription

6.5 More General Forms of Circumscription

6.6 Default Theories

6.7 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

7 Induction

7.1 Induction

7.2 Concept Formation

7.3 Experiment Generation

7.4 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

8 Reasoning with Uncertain Beliefs

8.1 Probabilities of Sentences

8.2 Using Bayes' Rule in Uncertain Reasoning

8.3 Uncertain Reasoning in Expert Systems

8.4 Probabilistic Logic

8.5 Probabilistic Entailment

8.6 Computations Appropriate for Small Matrices

8.7 Dealing with Large Matrices

8.8 Probabilities Conditioned on Specific Information

8.9 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

9 Knowledge and Belief

9.1 Preliminaries

9.2 Sentential Logics of Belief

9.3 Proof Methods

9.4 Nested Beliefs

9.5 Quantifying-In

9.6 Proof Methods for Quantified Beliefs

9.7 Knowing What Something Is

9.8 Possible-Worlds Logics

9.9 Properties of Knowledge

9.10 Properties of Belief

9.11 Group Knowledge

9.12 Equality, Quantification, and Knowledge

9.13 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

10 Metaknowledge and Metareasoning

10.1 Metalanguage

10.2 Clausal Form

10.3 Resolution Principle

10.4 Inference Procedures

10.5 Derivability and Belief

10.6 Metalevel Reasoning

10.7 Bilevel Reasoning

10.8 Reflection^*

10.9 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

11 State and Change

11.1 States

11.2 Actions

11.3 The Frame Problem

11.4 Action Ordering

11.5 Conditionality

11.6 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

12 Planning

12.1 Initial State

12.2 Goals

12.3 Actions

12.4 Plans

12.5 Green's Method

12.6 Action Blocks

12.7 Conditional Plans

12.8 Planning Direction

12.9 Unachievability Pruning

12.10 State Alignment

12.11 Frame-Axiom Suppression

12.12 Goal Regression

12.13 State differences

12.14 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

13 Intelligent-Agent Architecture

13.1 Tropistic Agents

13.2 Hysteretic Agents

13.3 Knowledge-Level Agents

13.4 Stepped Knowledge-Level Agents

13.5 Fidelity^*

13.6 Deliberate Agents^*

13.7 Bibliographical and Historical Remarks

Exercises

Answers to Exercises

A.1 Introduction

A.2 Declarative Knowledge

A.3 Inference

A.4 Resolution

A.5 Resolution Strategies

A.6 Nonmonotonic Reasoning

A.7 Induction

A.8 Reasoning with Uncertain Beliefs

A.9 Knowledge and Belief

A.10 Metaknowledge and Metareasoning

A.11 State and Change

A.12 Planning

A.13 Intelligent-Agent Architecture

References

Index

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