Cartesian Space of Topological Field is Topological Vector Space

Theorem

Let $K$ be a topological field.

Let $K^n$ be the cartesian $n$-th power of $K$, defining scalar multiplication and vector addition component-wise.

Equip $K^n$ with the product topology given by $K$.

Then $K^n$ is a topological vector space.

This page has been identified as a candidate for refactoring of medium complexity. In particular: extract the following into its own (corollary) page Until this has been finished, please leave {{Refactor}} in the code. New contributors: Refactoring is a task which is expected to be undertaken by experienced editors only. Because of the underlying complexity of the work needed, it is recommended that you do not embark on a refactoring task until you have become familiar with the structural nature of pages of $\mathsf{Pr} \infty \mathsf{fWiki}$. To discuss this page in more detail, feel free to use the talk page. When this work has been completed, you may remove this instance of {{Refactor}} from the code.

Further, if $K$ is a Hausdorff topological field, then $K^n$ is a Hausdorff topological vector space.

Proof

If $K$ is Hausdorff, then from Product of Hausdorff Factor Spaces is Hausdorff the topology on $K^n$ is Hausdorff.

We therefore just need to show that scalar multiplication and vector addition are continuous.

Vector Addition is Continuous

Let $\pr_i^A : K^n \to K$ be the projection of $K^n$ onto its $i$th factor.

Likewise let $\pr_i^B : K^n \times K^n \to K^n$ be the projection of $K^n \times K^n$ onto its $i$th factor.

Define $f : K^n \times K^n \to K$ by:

$\map f {\tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n}, \tuple {y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n} } = \tuple {x_1 + y_1, x_2 + y_2, \ldots, x_n + y_n}$

for each $\tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n}, \tuple {y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n} \in K^n$.

From Continuous Mapping to Product Space, it suffices to show that $\pr_i \circ f$ is a continuous map with:

$\map {\paren {\pr_i^A \circ f} } {\tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n}, \tuple {y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n} } = x_i + y_i$

for each $\tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n}, \tuple {y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n} \in K^n$.

We can write:

\(\ds \map {\paren {\pr_i^A \circ f} } {\tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n}, \tuple {y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n} }\)

\(=\)

\(\ds x_i + y_i\)

\(\ds \)

\(=\)

\(\ds \map {\pr_i^A} {\tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n} } + \map {\pr_i^A} {\tuple {y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n} }\)

\(\ds \)

\(=\)

\(\ds \map {\paren {\pr_i^A \circ \pr_1^B} } {\tuple {x_1, \ldots, x_n}, \tuple {y_1, \ldots, y_n} } + \map {\paren {\pr_i^A \circ \pr_2^B} } {\tuple {x_1, \ldots, x_n}, \tuple {y_1, \ldots, y_n} }\)

so that:

$\pr_i^A \circ f = \pr_i^A \circ \pr_1^B + \pr_i^A \circ \pr_2^B$

From Projection from Product Topology is Continuous, $\pr_1^B, \pr_2^B$ are continuous and:

$\pr_i^A$ is continuous for each $1 \le i \le n$.

So from Composite of Continuous Mappings is Continuous, we have:

$\pr_i^A \circ \pr_1^B$ is continuous for each $1 \le i \le n$

and:

$\pr_i^A \circ \pr_2^B$ is continuous for each $1 \le i \le n$.

So applying Sum of Continuous Functions on Topological Ring is Continuous:

$\pr_i^A \circ f$ is continuous for each $1 \le i \le n$.

So from Continuous Mapping to Product Space, $f$ is continuous.

$\Box$

Scalar Multiplication of Continuous

Again let $\pr_i^A : K^n \to K$ be the projection of $K^n$ onto its $i$th factor.

Likewise let $\pr_i^B : K \times K^n \to K^n$ be the projection of $K^n \times K^n$ onto its $i$th factor.

Define $f : K \times K^n \to K$ by:

$\map g {\lambda, \tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n} } = \tuple {\lambda x_1, \lambda x_2, \ldots, \lambda x_n}$

for each $\lambda \in K, \, \tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n} \in K^n$.

From Continuous Mapping to Product Space, it suffices to show that $\pr_i^A \circ f$ with:

$\map {\paren {\pr_i^A \circ g} } {\lambda, \tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n} } = \lambda x_i$

for each $\tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n}, \tuple {y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n} \in K^n$, is a continuous map.

We can write:

\(\ds \map {\paren {\pr_i^A \circ g} } {\lambda, \tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n} }\)

\(=\)

\(\ds \lambda x_i\)

\(\ds \)

\(=\)

\(\ds \lambda \map { {\pr_i}^A} {\tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n} }\)

\(\ds \)

\(=\)

\(\ds \map {\pr_1^B} {\lambda, \tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n} } \map {\paren {\pr_i^A \circ \pr_2^B} } {\tuple {\lambda, \tuple {x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n} } }\)

so that:

$\pr_i^A \circ g = \pr_1^B \cdot \paren {\pr_i^A \circ \pr_2^B}$

From Projection from Product Topology is Continuous, $\pr_1^B, \pr_2^B$ are continuous and:

$\pr_i^A$ is continuous for each $1 \le i \le n$.

So from Composite of Continuous Mappings is Continuous, we have:

$\pr_i^A \circ \pr_2^B$ is continuous

for each $1 \le i \le n$.

Then applying Product of Continuous Functions on Topological Ring is Continuous:

$\pr_i^A \circ g$ is continuous

for each $1 \le i \le n$.

So from Continuous Mapping to Product Space, $g$ is continuous.

$\blacksquare$