Mathematician:Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad Al-Biruni
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Mathematician
Khwarazmi scholar and polymath.
Thoroughly documented the Indian calendar with relation to the various Islamic calendars of his day.
Appears to be the first to have defined a second (of time) as being $\dfrac 1 {24 \times 60 \times 60}$ of a day.
Nationality
Khwarazmi
History
- Born: 15 September 973 in Kath, Khwarazm (now Kara-Kalpakskaya, Uzbekistan)
- Died: 13 December 1048 in Ghazna (now Ghazni, Afganistan)
Publications
- تحقيق ما للهند من مقولة معقولة في العقل أو مرذولة (Kitab al-Hind; Kitab al-Bīrūnī fī Taḥqīq mā li-al-Hind, "A Critical Study of What India Says, Whether Accepted by Reason or Refused")
- كتاب التفهيم لأوائل صناعة التنجيم (Kitab al-tafhim li-awa’il sina‘at al-tanjim, "Book of Instruction in the Elements of the Art of Astrology")
- الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية ("The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries") (a treatise on calendars)
- قانون مسعودي ("The Mas'udi Law")
- التفهيم لصناعة التنجيم ("Understanding Astrology")
- Pharmacy
- الجماهر في معرفة الجواهر ("Gems")
- Astrolabe
- A Short History
- History of Mahmud of Ghazni and his father
- History of Khawarezm
- Kitab al-Āthār al-Bāqīyah ‘an al-Qurūn al-Khālīyah ("The Chronology of Ancient Nations")
- Risālah li-al-Bīrūnī ("Epître de Berūnī")
Also known as
The name can also be rendered Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Al-Bīrūnī.
In Persian:
- ابوریحان محمد بن احمد البیرونی (Abū Rayḥān Bērōnī)
New Persian:
- Abū Rayḥān Bīrūnī
- Known as
- Biruni (Persian: بیرونی)
- Al-Biruni (Arabic: البيروني)