Two Fathers and Two Sons who are Three People
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Veridical Paradox
In some given place there are $2$ fathers, each accompanied by his son.
So there are $2$ fathers and $2$ sons.
Yet there are only $3$ people.
Resolution
This is a veridical paradox.
This puzzle can have a solution only if one of the fathers and one of the sons is the same person.
So:
- there is a father;
- there is his son, who is also a father;
- there is his son.
The $3$ people are therefore: a grandfather, a father and a son.
$\blacksquare$
Variants
This problem is often seen dressed up with further details as a riddle:
Three Pheasants
A man has $3$ pheasants that he wants to give to $2$ fathers and $2$ sons, giving each of them $1$ pheasant.
How can this be done?
Two Fathers and Two Sons Leaving Town
Two fathers and two sons leave town.
This reduces the population of the town by three.