Area Element/Examples/Surface of Body
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Example of Area Element
An area element $\delta \mathbf S$ is often coincident or approximately coincident with part of the surface of a body in space.
Such a body can be considered to have the whole of $S$ covered by such as $\delta \mathbf S$.
The direction of the normal to such a $\delta \mathbf S$ is conventionally taken to be the outward normal of $B$.
If $B$ is complicated in shape, a redefinition of the term outward normal may be appropriate.
Sources
- 1990: I.S. Grant and W.R. Phillips: Electromagnetism (2nd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $1$: Force and energy in electrostatics: $1.4$ Gauss's Law: $1.4.2$ The flux of the electric field out of a closed surface