Homomorphic Image of Quotient Group under Epimorphism

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Theorem

Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be groups whose identities are $e_{G_1}$ and $e_{G_2}$ respectively.

Let $\phi: G_1 \to G_2$ be a group epimorphism.

Let $K := \map \ker \phi$ be the kernel of $\phi$.

Let $N$ be a normal subgroup of $G_1$ such that $K \subseteq N$.


Then:

$\dfrac {G_1} N \cong \dfrac {G_2} {\map \phi N}$

where $\dfrac {G_1} N$ denotes the quotient group of $G_1$ by $N$.


Proof

From Group Epimorphism Preserves Normal Subgroups, $\map \phi N$ is normal in $G_2$.

Let $N' := \map \phi N$.

From Quotient Group Epimorphism is Epimorphism, we construct the (group) epimorphism $q: G_2 \to \dfrac {G_2} {N'}$.

Now consider the composite mapping $q \circ \phi: G \to \dfrac {G_2} {N'}$ defined as:

$\forall q \in G: \map {q \circ \phi} g = \map q {\map \phi g}$

From Composite of Group Epimorphisms is Epimorphism, $q \circ \phi$ is an epimorphism.


Let $g \in G$ such that:

$\map {q \circ \phi} g = e_{G_2 / N'}$

where $e_{G_2 / N'}$ is the identity of $\dfrac {G_2} {N'}$.

Then $\map \phi g \in \map \ker q$.

But then by Group Epimorphism Induces Bijection between Subgroups it must be that $g \in N$.

Hence from the First Isomorphism Theorem, $\dfrac {G_2} {N'} \cong \dfrac {G_1} N$.

$\blacksquare$


Sources

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