Inverse of Inner Automorphism
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Theorem
Let $G$ be a group.
Let $x \in G$.
Let $\kappa_x$ be the inner automorphism of $G$ given by $x$.
Then:
- $\paren {\kappa_x}^{-1} = \kappa_{x^{-1} }$
Proof
Let $G$ be a group whose identity is $e$.
Let $x \in G$.
Let $\kappa_x \in \Inn G$.
Then from the definition of inner automorphism:
- $\forall g \in G: \map {\kappa_x} g = x g x^{-1}$
As $G$ is a group:
- $x \in G \implies x^{-1} \in G$
So:
- $\kappa_{x^{-1} } \in \Inn G$
and is defined as:
- $\forall g \in G: \map {\kappa_{x^{-1} } } g = x^{-1} g \paren {x^{-1} }^{-1} = x^{-1} g x$
Now we need to show that:
- $\kappa_x \circ \kappa_{x^{-1} } = I_G = \kappa_{x^{-1} } \circ \kappa_x$
where $I_G: G \to G$ is the identity mapping.
So:
\(\ds \forall g \in G: \, \) | \(\ds \map {\kappa_x \circ \kappa_{x^{-1} } } g\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \map {\kappa_x} {\map {\kappa_{x^{-1} } } g}\) | Definition of Composition of Mappings | ||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \map {\kappa_x } {x^{-1} g x}\) | Definition of $\kappa_{x^{-1} }$ | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds x \paren {x^{-1} g x} x^{-1}\) | Definition of $\kappa_x$ | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds g\) | Group Properties | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds x^{-1} \paren {x g x^{-1} } x\) | Group Properties | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \map {\kappa_{x^{-1} } } {x g x^{-1} }\) | Definition of $\kappa_{x^{-1} }$ | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \map {\kappa_{x^{-1} } } {\map {\kappa_x} g}\) | Definition of $\kappa_x$ | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \map {\kappa_{x^{-1} } \circ \kappa_x} g\) | Definition of Composition of Mappings |
Thus:
- $\forall g \in G: \map {\kappa_x \circ \kappa_{x^{-1} } } g = \map {I_G} g = \map {\kappa_{x^{-1} } \circ \kappa_x} g$
Hence the result.
$\blacksquare$