Modus Tollendo Ponens/Variant/Formulation 1/Reverse Implication
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Theorem
- $\neg p \implies q \vdash p \lor q$
Proof
By the tableau method of natural deduction:
Line | Pool | Formula | Rule | Depends upon | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | $\neg p \implies q$ | Premise | (None) | ||
2 | $p \lor \neg p$ | Law of Excluded Middle | (None) | |||
3 | 3 | $p$ | Assumption | (None) | ||
4 | 3 | $p \lor q$ | Rule of Addition: $\lor \II_1$ | 3 | ||
5 | 5 | $\neg p$ | Assumption | (None) | ||
6 | 1, 5 | $q$ | Modus Ponendo Ponens: $\implies \mathcal E$ | 1, 5 | ||
7 | 1, 5 | $p \lor q$ | Rule of Addition: $\lor \II_2$ | 6 | ||
8 | 1 | $p \lor q$ | Proof by Cases: $\text{PBC}$ | 2, 3 – 4, 5 – 7 | Assumptions 3 and 5 have been discharged |
$\blacksquare$
Law of the Excluded Middle
This theorem depends on the Law of the Excluded Middle.
This is one of the axioms of logic that was determined by Aristotle, and forms part of the backbone of classical (Aristotelian) logic.
However, the intuitionist school rejects the Law of the Excluded Middle as a valid logical axiom.
This in turn invalidates this theorem from an intuitionistic perspective.
Sources
- 1964: Donald Kalish and Richard Montague: Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning ... (previous) ... (next): $\text{II}$: 'AND', 'OR', 'IF AND ONLY IF': $\S 5$
- 1965: E.J. Lemmon: Beginning Logic ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $1$: The Propositional Calculus $1$: $5$ Further Proofs: Résumé of Rules: Exercise $1 \ \text {(j)}$