Product of Subset with Intersection

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Theorem

Let $\struct {G, \circ}$ be an algebraic structure.

Let $X, Y, Z \subseteq G$.

Then:

$X \circ \paren {Y \cap Z} \subseteq \paren {X \circ Y} \cap \paren {X \circ Z}$
$\paren {Y \cap Z} \circ X \subseteq \paren {Y \circ X} \cap \paren {Z \circ X}$

where $X \circ Y$ denotes the subset product of $X$ and $Y$.


Corollary

Let $\struct {G, \circ}$ be a group.

Let $X, Y, Z \subseteq G$ such that $X$ is a singleton.


Then:

$X \circ \paren {Y \cap Z} = \paren {X \circ Y} \cap \paren {X \circ Z}$
$\paren {Y \cap Z} \circ X = \paren {Y \circ X} \cap \paren {Z \circ X}$

where $X \circ Y$ denotes the subset product of $X$ and $Y$.


Proof 1

Let $x \in X, t \in Y \cap Z$.

By the definition of intersection, $t \in Y$ and $t \in Z$.


Consider $X \circ \paren {Y \cap Z}$.

We have $x \circ t \in X \circ \paren {Y \cap Z}$ by definition of subset product.

As $t \in Y$ and $t \in Z$, we also have $x \circ t \in X \circ Y$ and $x \circ t \in X \circ Z$.

The result follows.


Similarly, consider $\paren {Y \cap Z} \circ X$.

Then we have $t \circ x \in \paren {Y \cap Z} \circ X$ by definition of subset product.

As $t \in Y$ and $t \in Z$, we also have $t \circ x \in Y \circ X$ and $t \circ x \in Z \circ X$.

Again, the result follows.

$\blacksquare$


Proof 2

Consider the relation $\RR \subseteq G \times G$ defined as:

$\forall g, h \in G: \tuple {g, h} \in \RR \iff \exists g \in X$

Then:

$\forall S \subseteq G: X \circ S = \RR \sqbrk S$

Then:

\(\ds X \circ \paren {Y \cap Z}\) \(=\) \(\ds \RR \sqbrk {Y \cap Z}\)
\(\ds \) \(\subseteq\) \(\ds \RR \sqbrk Y \cap \RR \sqbrk Z\) Image of Intersection under Relation
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds \paren {X \circ Y} \cap \paren {X \circ Z}\)


Next, consider the relation $\RR \subseteq G \times G$ defined as:

$\forall g, h \in G: \tuple {g, h} \in \RR \iff \exists h \in X$

Then:

$\forall S \subseteq G: S \circ X = \RR \sqbrk S$

Then:

\(\ds \paren {Y \cap Z} \circ X\) \(=\) \(\ds \RR \sqbrk {Y \cap Z}\)
\(\ds \) \(\subseteq\) \(\ds \RR \sqbrk Y \cap \RR \sqbrk Z\) Image of Intersection under Relation
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds \paren {Y \circ X} \cap \paren {Z \circ X}\)

$\blacksquare$


Equality does not Hold

While it is the case that:

$X \circ \paren {Y \cap Z} \subseteq \paren {X \circ Y} \cap \paren {X \circ Z}$

it is not necessarily the case that:

$X \circ \paren {Y \cap Z} = \paren {X \circ Y} \cap \paren {X \circ Z}$


Also see


Sources

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