Set Difference Union Intersection

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Theorem

$S = \paren {S \setminus T} \cup \paren {S \cap T}$


Proof 1

\(\ds \paren {S \setminus T} \cup \paren {S \cap T}\) \(=\) \(\ds \paren {\paren {S \setminus T} \cup S} \cap \paren {\paren {S \setminus T} \cup T}\) Union Distributes over Intersection
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds S \cap \paren {\paren {S \setminus T} \cup T}\) Set Difference Union First Set is First Set
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds S \cap \paren {S \cup T}\) Set Difference Union Second Set is Union
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds S\) Intersection Absorbs Union

$\blacksquare$


Proof 2

\(\ds \paren {S \setminus T} \cup \paren {S \cap T}\) \(=\) \(\ds S \setminus \paren {T \setminus T}\) Set Difference with Set Difference is Union of Set Difference with Intersection
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds S \setminus \O\) Set Difference with Self is Empty Set
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds S\) Set Difference with Empty Set is Self

$\blacksquare$


Proof 3

By Set Difference is Subset:

$S \setminus T \subseteq S$

By Intersection is Subset:

$S \cap T \subseteq S$

Hence from Union is Smallest Superset:

$\paren {S \setminus T} \cup \paren {S \cap T} \subseteq S$


Let $s \in S$.

Either:

$s \in T$, in which case $s \in S \cap T$ by definition of set intersection

or

$s \notin T$, in which case $s \in S \setminus T$ by definition of set difference.


That is, by definition of set union:

$s \in \paren {S \setminus T} \cup \paren {S \cap T}$

and so by definition of subset:

$S \subseteq \paren {S \setminus T} \cup \paren {S \cap T}$


Hence the result by definition of set equality.

$\blacksquare$


Sources

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