Tautology and Contradiction
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Theorems
Contradiction is Negation of Tautology
A contradiction implies and is implied by the negation of a tautology:
- $\bot \dashv \vdash \neg \top$
That is, a falsehood can not be true, and a non-truth is a falsehood.
Tautology is Negation of Contradiction
A tautology implies and is implied by the negation of a contradiction:
- $\top \dashv \vdash \neg \bot$
That is, a truth can not be false, and a non-falsehood must be a truth.
Conjunction with Tautology
- $p \land \top \dashv \vdash p$
Disjunction with Tautology
- $p \lor \top \dashv \vdash \top$
Conjunction with Contradiction
- $p \land \bot \dashv \vdash \bot$
Disjunction with Contradiction
- $p \lor \bot \dashv \vdash p$
Comment
Note that the proofs of:
- $\neg \bot \vdash \top$
- $\neg \top \vdash \bot$
- $p \vdash p \land \top$
- $p \lor \top \vdash \top$
rely (directly or indirectly) upon Law of Excluded Middle - and it can be seen that they are just another way of stating that truth.
The propositions:
- If it's not false, it must be true
and
- If it's not true, it must be false
are indeed valid only in the context where there are only two truth values.
From the intuitionistic perspective, these results do not hold.
Sources
- 1980: D.J. O'Connor and Betty Powell: Elementary Logic ... (previous) ... (next): $\S \text{I}: 3$: Logical Constants $(2)$