Equivalence of Definitions of Normal Subset/3 iff 4

Theorem

Let $\left({G,\circ}\right)$ be a group.

Let $S \subseteq G$.

Then:

$S$ is a normal subset of $G$ by Definition 3

iff:

$S$ is a normal subset of $G$ by Definition 4.

That is, the following conditions are equivalent:

$(1)\quad \forall g \in G: g \circ S \circ g^{-1} \subseteq S$

$(2)\quad \forall g \in G: g^{-1} \circ S \circ g \subseteq S$

$(3)\quad \forall g \in G: S \subseteq g \circ S \circ g^{-1}$

$(4)\quad \forall g \in G: S \subseteq g^{-1} \circ S \circ g$

Proof

First note that:

$(5): \quad \left({\forall g \in G: g \circ S \circ g^{-1} \subseteq S}\right) \iff \left({\forall g \in G: g^{-1} \circ S \circ g \subseteq S}\right)$

$(6): \quad \left({\forall g \in G: S \subseteq g \circ S \circ g^{-1}}\right) \iff \left({\forall g \in G: S \subseteq g^{-1} \circ S \circ g}\right)$

which is shown by, for example, setting $h := g^{-1}$ and substituting.

Therefore:

conditions $(1)$ and $(2)$ are equivalent

and:

conditions $(3)$ and $(4)$ are equivalent.

It remains to be shown that condition $(1)$ is equivalent to condition $(3)$.

Suppose that $(1)$ holds.

Then:

\(\, \displaystyle \forall g \in G: \, \)

\(\displaystyle g \circ S \circ g^{-1}\)

\(\subseteq\)

\(\displaystyle S\)

$\quad$

$\quad$

\(\displaystyle g^{-1} \circ \left({ g \circ S \circ g^{-1} }\right)\)

\(\subseteq\)

\(\displaystyle g^{-1} \circ S\)

$\quad$ Subset Relation is Compatible with Subset Product/Corollary 2

$\quad$

\(\displaystyle S \circ g^{-1}\)

\(\subseteq\)

\(\displaystyle g^{-1} \circ S\)

$\quad$ Subset Product within Semigroup is Associative/Corollary and the definition of inverse

$\quad$

\(\displaystyle \left({ S \circ g^{-1} }\right) \circ g\)

\(\subseteq\)

\(\displaystyle \left({ g^{-1} \circ S }\right) \circ g\)

$\quad$ Subset Relation is Compatible with Subset Product/Corollary 2

$\quad$

\(\displaystyle S\)

\(\subseteq\)

\(\displaystyle g^{-1} \circ S \circ g\)

$\quad$ Subset Product within Semigroup is Associative/Corollary and the definition of inverse

$\quad$

Thus condition $(1)$ implies condition $(3)$.

The exact same argument, substituting $\supseteq$ for $\subseteq$ and using Superset Relation is Compatible with Subset Product instead of Subset Relation is Compatible with Subset Product proves that $(3)$ implies $(1)$.

$\blacksquare$