# Rule of Transposition/Formulation 1/Reverse Implication

## Theorem

$\neg q \implies \neg p \vdash p \implies q$

## Proof

By the tableau method of natural deduction:

$\neg q \implies \neg p \vdash p \implies q$
Line Pool Formula Rule Depends upon Notes
1 1 $\neg q \implies \neg p$ Premise (None)
2 2 $p$ Assumption (None)
3 2 $\neg \neg p$ Double Negation Introduction: $\neg \neg \mathcal I$ 2
4 1, 2 $\neg \neg q$ Modus Tollendo Tollens (MTT) 1, 3
5 1, 2 $q$ Double Negation Elimination: $\neg \neg \mathcal E$ 4
6 1 $p \implies q$ Rule of Implication: $\implies \mathcal I$ 2 – 5 Assumption 2 has been discharged

## Law of the Excluded Middle

This theorem depends on the Law of the Excluded Middle.

This is one of the axioms of logic that was determined by Aristotle, and forms part of the backbone of classical (Aristotelian) logic.

However, the intuitionist school rejects the Law of the Excluded Middle as a valid logical axiom. This in turn invalidates this theorem from an intuitionistic perspective.