Symbols:Symbolic Logic/Deprecated Symbols

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Deprecated Symbols of Symbolic Logic

This page contains symbols which may or may not be in current use, but are either non-standard in mathematics or have been superseded by their more modern variants.

Texts on logic often tend to use these symbols in preference to those used in mathematics.

However, on $\mathsf{Pr} \infty \mathsf{fWiki}$ the intention is to present a consistent style, and so these symbols are to be considered deprecated.


Therefore

$\therefore$

Therefore

If statement $p$ logically implies statement $q$, then we may say:

$p$, therefore $q$

and denote it:

$p \therefore q$


An alternative to $p \vdash q$, the preferred notation on $\mathsf{Pr} \infty \mathsf{fWiki}$.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(p \therefore q\) is p \therefore q .


And

$\cdot$

And

A binary operation on two propositions.


$P \cdot Q$ means $P$ is true and $Q$ is true.

In this usage, it is called dot.

An alternative to $P \land Q$, usually used by logicians.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(P \cdot Q\) is P \cdot Q .


Ampersand

$\&$

$P \mathop \& Q$ means $P$ is true and $Q$ is true.

An alternative to $P \land Q$, which is what is usually used by logicians.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(P \mathop \& Q\) is P \mathop \& Q  or P \mathop \And Q.


Disjunction

$+$

Or.

A binary operation on two propositions.


$P + Q$ means either $P$ is true or $Q$ is true or both.

An alternative to $P \lor Q$, which is what is usually used by logicians.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(P + Q\) is P + Q .


Minus

$-$

Not.

A unary operation on a proposition.


$-Q$ means $Q$ is not true.

An alternative to $\neg$, which is what is usually used by logicians.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(-Q\) is -Q .


Implication

$\to$

Implies.

A binary operation on two propositions.


$P \to Q$ means if $P$ is true, then $Q$ is true.

An alternative to $P \implies Q$, which is what is generally used nowadays by logicians.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(P \to Q\) is P \to Q .


Biconditional

$\leftrightarrow$

Biconditional.

A binary operation on two propositions.


$P \leftrightarrow Q$ means $P$ is true if and only if $Q$ is true.

An alternative to $P \iff Q$, which is what is generally used nowadays by logicians.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(P \leftrightarrow Q\) is P \leftrightarrow Q .


Tilde

$\sim$

Not.

A unary operation on a proposition.


$\sim Q$ means $Q$ is not true.

An alternative to $\neg$, which is what is usually used by logicians.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(\sim Q\) is \sim Q .


Sheffer Stroke

$\mid$

Logical NAND.

A binary operation on two propositions.


$P \mid Q$ means not both $P$ and $Q$ together

This is known as the Sheffer stroke.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(P \mid Q\) is P \mid Q .


Modified Ampheck

$P \mathop {\bar \curlywedge} Q$

Logical NAND.

A binary operation on two propositions.


$P \mathop {\bar \curlywedge} Q$ means not both $P$ and $Q$ together.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(P \mathop {\bar \curlywedge} Q\) is P \mathop {\bar \curlywedge} Q .


Ampheck

$\curlywedge$

Logical NOR.

A binary operation on two propositions.


$P \curlywedge Q$ means neither $P$ nor $Q$.


The $\LaTeX$ code for \(P \curlywedge Q\) is P \curlywedge Q .