Change of Variables Theorem (Multivariable Calculus)
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Theorem
Let $\mathbf F: U \to V$ be a diffeomorphism between open subsets of $\R^2$.
Let $D^* \subset U$ and $D = \map {\mathbf F} {D^*} \subset V$ be bounded subsets.
Let $f: D \to \R$ be a bounded function.
Then
- $\ds \iint_D \map f {x, y} \rd x \rd y = \iint_{D^*} \map f {\map {\mathbf F} {u, v} } \size {\map {\det D \mathbf F} {u, v} } \rd u \rd v$
where $\map {\det D \mathbf F} {u, v}$ is the Jacobian.
The equality means that the left-hand integral exists if and only if the right-hand integral does and that, if so, the two integrals are equal.
Proof
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Sources
- 1966: Harold Jeffreys and Bertha Swirles Jeffreys: Methods of Mathematical Physics (corrected 3rd ed.): $\S$ 1.1032: Change of Variable in an Integral