Definition:Everywhere Dense

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Definition

Let $T = \struct {S, \tau}$ be a topological space.

Let $H \subseteq S$ be a subset.


Definition 1

The subset $H$ is (everywhere) dense in $T$ if and only if:

$H^- = S$

where $H^-$ is the closure of $H$.


Definition 2

The subset $H$ is (everywhere) dense in $T$ if and only if the intersection of $H$ with every non-empty open set of $T$ is non-empty:

$\forall U \in \tau \setminus \set \O: H \cap U \ne \O$


Definition 3

The subset $H$ is (everywhere) dense in $T$ if and only if every neighborhood of every point of $S$ contains at least one point of $H$.


Other Abstract Spaces

Metric Space

Let $M = \struct {A, d}$ be a metric space.

Let $B \subseteq A$ be a subset of $A$.


Then $B$ is (everywhere) dense in $M$ if and only if every point of $A$ is a limit point of a sequence of points of $B$.


Normed Vector Space

Let $M = \struct {X, \norm {\, \cdot \,} }$ be a normed vector space.

Let $Y \subseteq X$ be a subset of $X$.

Suppose:

$\forall x \in X: \forall \epsilon \in \R_{>0}: \exists y \in Y: \norm {x - y} < \epsilon$


Then $Y$ is (everywhere) dense in $X$.


Real Numbers

Let $S$ be a subset of the real numbers.


Then $S$ is (everywhere) dense in $\R$ if and only if:

$\forall x \in \R: \forall \epsilon \in \R_{>0}: \exists s \in S: x - \epsilon < s < x + \epsilon$.

That is, if and only if in every neighborhood of every real number lies an element of $S$.




Also known as

Some authors refer to an everywhere dense subset merely as a dense set or a dense subset.

However, this can be confused with dense-in-itself.


Also see

  • Results about everywhere dense can be found here.