Definition:Binomial Distribution

Definition

Let $X$ be a discrete random variable on a probability space $\struct {\Omega, \Sigma, \Pr}$.

Then $X$ has the binomial distribution with parameters $n$ and $p$ if and only if:

$\Img X = \set {0, 1, \ldots, n}$

$\map \Pr {X = k} = \dbinom n k p^k \paren {1 - p}^{n - k}$

where $0 \le p \le 1$.

Note that this distribution gives rise to a probability mass function satisfying $\map \Pr \Omega = 1$, because:

$\displaystyle \sum_{k \mathop \in \Z} \dbinom n k p^k \paren {1 - p}^{n - k} = \paren {p + \paren {1 - p} }^n = 1$

This is apparent from the Binomial Theorem.

It is written:

$X \sim \Binomial n p$

Some sources insist that $0 < p < 1$, but it can be useful in certain circumstances to include the condition when the outcome is certainty.

The $\LaTeX$ code for $\Binomial {n} {p}$ is \Binomial {n} {p} .

When the arguments are single characters, it is usual to omit the braces:

\Binomial n p