For more comprehensive information on the lives and works of mathematicians through the ages, see the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, created by John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson.

The army of those who have made at least one definite contribution to mathematics as we know it soon becomes a mob as we look back over history; 6,000 or 8,000 names press forward for some word from us to preserve them from oblivion, and once the bolder leaders have been recognised it becomes largely a matter of arbitrary, illogical legislation to judge who of the clamouring multitude shall be permitted to survive and who be condemned to be forgotten.'
-- Eric Temple Bell: Men of Mathematics, 1937, Victor Gollancz, London

Samuel Beatty (1881 – 1970)

Canadian mathematician, best known for Beatty sequences.
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Norman Herbert Anning (1883 – 1963)

Canadian mathematician, best known for the Erdős-Anning Theorem.
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Albert William Tucker (1905 – 1995)

Canadian mathematician who made important contributions in topology, game theory, and non-linear programming.
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Leonidas Alaoglu (1914 – 1981)

Canadian-American mathematician, most noted for his contribution towards the Banach-Alaoglu Theorem.
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Ivan Morton Niven (1915 – 1999)

Canadian-American mathematician, most noted for solving most of Waring's Problem.

Also notable for Niven numbers and Niven's constant.
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Irving Kaplansky (1917 – 2006)

Canadian mathematician who made major contributions to group theory, ring theory, the theory of operator algebras and field theory.
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Kenneth Eugene Iverson (1920 – 2004)

Canadian computer scientist best known for his invention of the computer language APL.

Also known for the notation known as Iverson's convention.
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Donald Bruce Gillies (1928 – 1975)

Canadian mathematician and computer scientist.

In $1963$, discovered the $21$st, $22$nd and $23$rd Mersenne primes with the aid of the ILLIAC II computer. The largest of these ($2^{11 \ 213} - 1$) was reported in the Guinness Book of Records and immortalised on all mail sent from the postroom of the University of Illinois.
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Hale Freeman Trotter (b. 1931 )

Canadian mathematician mainly working in number theory and knot theory.
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Alexander Keewatin Dewdney (b. 1941 )

Canadian mathematician, computer scientist and philosopher.

Between 1984 and 1993, he took over from Douglas Hofstadter the task of writing the Metamagical Themas column in Scientific American, which he renamed to Computer Recreations, then Mathematical Recreations.
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Hugh Cowie Williams (b. 1943 )

Canadian mathematician working mainly in number theory and cryptography.
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Donald John Roberts (b. 1945 )

Canadian-American economist, whose research focuses on the design, governance and management of organizations, especially in an international context.
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Stanley Wagon (b. 1951 )

Canadian-American economist, the author of multiple books on number theory, geometry, and computational mathematics.

Also known for his snow sculptures.
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Douglas Robert Stinson (b. 1956 )

Canadian mathematician and cryptographer.
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Simon Plouffe (b. 1956 )

Canadian mathematician who discovered the formula for the BBP Algorithm which permits the computation of the $n$th binary digit of $\pi$.
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Daniel Robert Page (b. 1989 )

Canadian mathematician, computer scientist and algorithmist.

Creator of Page's Algorithm.
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