Primitive of Sine Function

Theorem

$\ds \int \sin x \rd x = -\cos x + C$

where $C$ is an arbitrary constant.

Corollary

$\displaystyle \int \sin a x \rd x = - \frac {\cos a x} a + C$

Proof

From Derivative of Cosine Function:

$\map {\dfrac \d {\d x} } {-\cos x} = \sin x$

The result follows from the definition of primitive.

$\blacksquare$

Also see

• Primitive of Cosine Function

• Primitive of Tangent Function
• Primitive of Cotangent Function

• Primitive of Secant Function
• Primitive of Cosecant Function

Sources

• 1944: R.P. Gillespie: Integration (2nd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $\text {II}$: Integration of Elementary Functions: $\S 7$. Standard Integrals: $5$.
• 1960: Margaret M. Gow: A Course in Pure Mathematics ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $10$: Integration: $10.4$. Standard integrals: Standard Forms: $\text {(iv)}$
• 1967: Michael Spivak: Calculus ... (previous) ... (next): Part $\text {III}$: Derivatives and Integrals: Chapter $18$: Integration in Elementary Terms
• 1968: Murray R. Spiegel: Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 14$: General Rules of Integration: $14.11$
• 1972: Frank Ayres, Jr. and J.C. Ault: Theory and Problems of Differential and Integral Calculus (SI ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $25$: Fundamental Integration Formulas: $8$.
• 1974: Murray R. Spiegel: Theory and Problems of Advanced Calculus (SI ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $5$. Integrals: Integrals of Special Functions: $3$
• 1989: Ephraim J. Borowski and Jonathan M. Borwein: Dictionary of Mathematics ... (previous) ... (next): Appendix $2$: Table of derivatives and integrals of common functions: Trigonometric functions
• 2014: Christopher Clapham and James Nicholson: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics (5th ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Appendix $7$: Integrals