Primitive of Sine Function

Theorem

$\ds \int \sin x \rd x = -\cos x + C$

where $C$ is an arbitrary constant.

Corollary

$\ds \int \sin a x \rd x = - \frac {\cos a x} a + C$

Proof

From Derivative of Cosine Function:

$\map {\dfrac \d {\d x} } {-\cos x} = \sin x$

The result follows from the definition of primitive.

$\blacksquare$

Also see

• Primitive of Cosine Function

• Primitive of Tangent Function
• Primitive of Cotangent Function

• Primitive of Secant Function
• Primitive of Cosecant Function

Sources

• 1945: A. Geary, H.V. Lowry and H.A. Hayden: Advanced Mathematics for Technical Students, Part I ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $\text {III}$: Integration: Integration
• 1953: L. Harwood Clarke: A Note Book in Pure Mathematics ... (previous) ... (next): $\text {II}$. Calculus: Integration
• 1960: Margaret M. Gow: A Course in Pure Mathematics ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $10$: Integration: $10.4$. Standard integrals: Standard Forms: $\text {(iv)}$
• 1968: Murray R. Spiegel: Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 14$: General Rules of Integration: $14.11$
• 1989: Ephraim J. Borowski and Jonathan M. Borwein: Dictionary of Mathematics ... (previous) ... (next): Entry: sine
• 1989: Ephraim J. Borowski and Jonathan M. Borwein: Dictionary of Mathematics ... (previous) ... (next): Appendix $2$: Table of derivatives and integrals of common functions: Trigonometric functions
• 1998: David Nelson: The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics (2nd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Appendix: Table $2$: Integrals
• 2008: David Nelson: The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics (4th ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Appendix: Table $2$: Integrals
• 2014: Christopher Clapham and James Nicholson: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics (5th ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Appendix $7$: Integrals