Definition:Complex Modulus

Definition

Let $z = a + i b$ be a complex number, where $a, b \in \R$.

Then the (complex) modulus of $z$ is written $\cmod z$ and is defined as the square root of the sum of the squares of the real and imaginary parts:

$\cmod z := \sqrt {a^2 + b^2}$

The complex modulus is a real-valued function, and, as and when appropriate, can be referred to as the complex modulus function.

Also known as

The complex modulus is also known as the complex absolute value, or just absolute value.

Others use that term only for the absolute value of a real number.

The notation $\bmod z$ is sometimes seen for $\cmod z$, but on $\mathsf{Pr} \infty \mathsf{fWiki}$ $\cmod z$ is preferred.

Examples

Complex Modulus of $i$

$\cmod i = \cmod {-i} = 1$

Complex Modulus of $-5$

$\left\vert{-5}\right\vert = 5$

Complex Modulus of $1 + i$

$\left\vert{1 + i}\right\vert = \sqrt 2$

Complex Modulus of $4 + 3 i$

$\cmod {4 + 3 i} = 5$

Complex Modulus of $-4 + 2 i$

$\cmod {-4 + 2 i} = 2 \sqrt 5$

Complex Modulus of $3iz - z^2$

Let:

$w = 3 i z - z^2$

where $z = x + i y$.

Then:

$\cmod w^2 = x^4 + y^4 + 2 x^2 y^2 - 6 x^2 y - 6 y^3 + 9 x^2 + 9 y^2$

Complex Modulus of $\tan \theta + i$

$\left\vert{\tan \theta + i}\right\vert = \left\vert{\sec \theta}\right\vert$

where:

$\theta \in \R$ is a real number
$\tan \theta$ denotes the tangent function
$\sec \theta$ denotes the secant function.

Complex Modulus of $\dfrac {1 + 2 i t - t^2} {1 + t^2}$

$\cmod {\dfrac {1 + 2 i t - t^2} {1 + t^2} } = 1$

where:

$t \in \R$ is a real number.

Also see

• Results about complex modulus can be found here.

Technical Note

$\mathsf{Pr} \infty \mathsf{fWiki}$ has a $\LaTeX$ shortcut for the symbol used to denote complex modulus:

The $\LaTeX$ code for $\cmod z$ is \cmod z .